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GlossaryChondrocytes

specialized cells that produce and maintain cartilage tissue

Chondrocytes are specialized cells found in cartilage, a flexible connective tissue in the body. They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists of collagen and proteoglycans, essential for the tissue's structure and function.

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research Sexual dimorphism of growth plate prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes in response to testosterone requires metabolism to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by steroid 5‐alpha reductase type 1

27 citations , February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry”

Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.

research Minoxidil restores thymic growth in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome by limiting Sox9+ chondrocyte expansion

1 citations , August 2025 in “Journal of Human Immunity”

Minoxidil helps restore thymus size in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

research Targeted overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide in chondrocytes causes chondrodysplasia and delayed endochondral bone formation.

478 citations , September 1996 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

Overexpression of PTHrP in chondrocytes causes short-limbed dwarfism and delayed bone formation in mice.

research Ear pinna growth and differentiation is conserved in murids and requires BMP signaling for chondrocyte proliferation

2 citations , January 2025 in “Development”

BMP5 is essential for ear cartilage cell growth in rodents.

research Disease modifying osteoarthritis drug discovery using a temporal phenotypic reporter in 3D aggregates of primary human chondrocytes

1 citations , December 2024 in “Journal of Orthopaedic Research®”

Aromoline and DRD4 are potential targets for osteoarthritis treatment.

Cartilage to Bone Transformation During Fracture Healing Is Coordinated by the Invading Vasculature and Induction of the Core Pluripotency Genes

research Cartilage to bone transformation during fracture healing is coordinated by the invading vasculature and induction of the core pluripotency genes

160 citations , January 2017 in “Development”

Blood vessels and specific genes help turn cartilage into bone when bones heal.

research Comparative Characterization of Hair Follicle Dermal Stem Cells and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

151 citations , February 2006 in “Stem Cells and Development”

Hair follicles can be a good source of stem cells like those from bone marrow.

research Mechanism of Vitamin D Receptor Action

111 citations , April 2006 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”

Vitamin D receptor is essential for healthy bones and skin.

research Maintenance of high proliferation and multipotent potential of human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells by growth factors

56 citations , February 2013 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine”

Growth factors help hair follicle stem cells grow and stay versatile.

research The function of TRPS1 in the development and differentiation of bone, kidney, and hair follicles.

52 citations , July 2011 in “PubMed”

TRPS1 is crucial for bone, kidney, and hair follicle development.

research Epimorphic regeneration in mice is p53-independent

20 citations , September 2010 in “Cell Cycle”

Mice can regenerate ear tissue without the p53 protein.

research The importance of basonuclin 2 in adult mice and its relation to basonuclin 1

14 citations , March 2016 in “Mechanisms of Development”

Basonuclin 2 is vital for the development of facial bones, hair follicles, and male germ cells in adult mice, and its absence can lead to dwarfism and abnormal follicles.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Scientific Support for Multiple Therapies

research MSCs: Scientific Support for Multiple Therapies

13 citations , January 2015 in “Stem cells international”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are promising for multiple therapies, but more research is needed to fully understand and optimize their use.

Isolation and Characterization of a Fetal-Maternal Microchimeric Stem Cell Population in Maternal Hair Follicles Long After Childbirth

research Isolation and Characterization of a Fetal-Maternal Microchimeric Stem Cell Population in Maternal Hair Follicles Long after Parturition

12 citations , May 2019 in “Stem cell reviews”

Fetal-maternal stem cells in a mother's hair can help with tissue repair and regeneration long after childbirth.

Nongenomic Effects of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Cartilage Formation Deduced from Comparisons Between Cyp27b1 and Vdr Knockout Mice

research Nongenomic effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 on cartilage formation deduced from comparisons between Cyp27b1 and Vdr knockout mice

11 citations , January 2017 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications”

1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 directly affects cartilage growth and development.

research SOX9 in organogenesis: shared and unique transcriptional functions

10 citations , September 2022 in “Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences”

SOX9 is essential for the development of various organs and hair follicles.

research Epidermal Stem Cells in Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine

3 citations , May 2013 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Epidermal stem cells show promise for treating orthopedic injuries and diseases.

Retainability of Pluripotency and Viability of Multilineage-Differentiating Stress Enduring (Muse) Cells After Repeated Cryopreservation

research LB1606 Retainability of pluripotency and viability of multilineage-differentiating stress enduring (Muse) cells after repeated cryopreservation.

1 citations , August 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Muse cells keep their special features and can become different cell types even after being frozen and thawed three times.

research Expression of TGF Beta Receptor 1 in Sika Deer Antler

1 citations , May 2012 in “International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology”

TGF-β receptor 1 helps deer antlers grow by aiding skin and cartilage cell growth.

research Mice humanised for the EGF receptor display hypomorphic phenotypes in skin, bone and heart

125 citations , August 2003 in “Development”

Mice with human-like EGFR had growth issues, skin defects, heart problems, and unusual bone development.

research A novel chitosan-peptide system for cartilage tissue engineering with adipose-derived stromal cells

5 citations , November 2024 in “Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy”

The chitosan-peptide system helps cartilage regeneration using fat-derived cells.

research The Role of Pannexin 3 in Bone Biology

32 citations , November 2016 in “Journal of Dental Research”

Pannexin 3 is important for bone formation and the development of bone cells.

Label Retention Identifies a Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Population in the Postnatal Thymus

research Highly Pluripotent Adipose-Derived Stem Cell–Enriched Nanofat: A Novel Translational System in Stem Cell Therapy

28 citations , January 2023 in “Cell Transplantation”

Nanofat with stem cells is promising for treating hair loss, scars, and skin rejuvenation.

research Current Progress of Platelet-Rich Derivatives in Cartilage and Joint Repairs

24 citations , August 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Platelet-rich fibrin shows promise in healing cartilage and joint injuries but needs more testing.

research Elucidation of the Underlying Mechanism of Gujian Oral Liquid Acting on Osteoarthritis through Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Experiment

2 citations , January 2022 in “BioMed Research International”

Gujian oral liquid reduces osteoarthritis symptoms by targeting inflammation.

Gene Expression Analysis of Chondrogenic Markers in Hair Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells Under the Effect of Laser Photobiomodulation and Synovial Fluid

research Gene Expression Analysis of Chondrogenic Markers in Hair Follicle Dermal Papillae Cells Under the Effect of Laser Photobiomodulation and the Synovial Fluid

2 citations , July 2019 in “Journal of lasers in medical sciences”

Laser treatment and synovial fluid can change hair follicle cells to resemble joint cells, with the changes being more significant when both treatments are used together.