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GlossaryCircadian Rhythms

natural, internal processes regulating sleep-wake cycles every 24 hours

Circadian rhythms are natural, internal processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and repeat roughly every 24 hours. These rhythms are driven by the body's "biological clock," which is influenced by external cues like light and temperature, and they play a crucial role in determining sleep patterns, feeding behavior, hormone release, and other bodily functions.

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Recent Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms Determining Tissue Sensitivity to Glucocorticoids: Novel Mutations, Circadian Rhythm, and Ligand-Induced Repression of the Human Glucocorticoid Receptor

research Recent advances in the molecular mechanisms determining tissue sensitivity to glucocorticoids: novel mutations, circadian rhythm and ligand-induced repression of the human glucocorticoid receptor

62 citations , August 2014 in “BMC Endocrine Disorders”

New findings explain how genetic changes, body clocks, and certain molecules affect tissue response to stress hormones.

Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: Linking Circadian Misalignment to Adverse Health Outcomes

research Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs): Linking circadian misalignment to adverse health outcomes.

5 citations , November 2020 in “EBioMedicine”

Disruptions in sleep-wake cycles can cause health problems like mental, metabolic, and heart diseases, and cancer.

research The Opioid Receptor Influences Circadian Rhythms in Human Keratinocytes through the β-Arrestin Pathway

January 2024 in “Cells”

Delta-opioid receptors affect skin cell circadian rhythms, possibly impacting wound healing and cancer.

research An out-of-lab trial: a case example for the effect of intensive exercise on rhythms of human clock gene expression

21 citations , September 2013 in “Journal of circadian rhythms”

Intense exercise at night can delay the body's internal clock gene expression by 2 to 4 hours.

research Large Scale Gene Expression Profiles of Regenerating Inner Ear Sensory Epithelia

77 citations , June 2007 in “PLoS ONE”

Birds can regenerate inner ear cells using specific gene pathways, unlike mammals.

research Circadian clock-mediated control of stem cell division and differentiation: beyond night and day

91 citations , August 2014 in “Development”

The circadian clock is crucial for tissue renewal and regeneration, affecting stem cell functions and having implications for health and disease.

research Circadian clocks: from stem cells to tissue homeostasis and regeneration

84 citations , December 2017 in “EMBO Reports”

Circadian rhythms are crucial for stem cell function and tissue repair, and understanding them may improve aging and regeneration treatments.

research Clock genes, hair growth and aging

55 citations , March 2010 in “Aging”

Circadian clock genes are important for hair growth and may affect aging-related hair loss and graying.

research Investigation of a non-invasive method of assessing the equine circadian clock using hair follicle cells

15 citations , October 2012 in “Journal of circadian rhythms”

RNA from horse hair follicles can track circadian rhythms non-invasively.

research The effect of night shift work on the expression of clock genes in beard hair follicle cells

12 citations , January 2019 in “Sleep medicine”

Night shift work disrupts the body's natural clock genes.

research The clock gene brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) is involved in hair growth

9 citations , August 2013 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

A gene called BMAL1 plays a role in controlling hair growth.

research Hair Follicles as a Critical Model for Monitoring the Circadian Clock

5 citations , January 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Hair follicles could be used to noninvasively monitor our body's internal clock and help identify risks for related diseases.

research The Circadian Clock in Skin

127 citations , January 2015 in “Journal of Biological Rhythms”

The skin's internal clock affects healing, cancer risk, aging, immunity, and hair growth, and disruptions can harm skin health.

research Disturbance of the Circadian System in Shift Work and Its Health Impact

103 citations , December 2021 in “Journal of biological rhythms”

Shift work disrupts the body's natural clock, leading to health problems.

research Peripheral Skin Temperature and Circadian Biological Clock in Shift Nurses after a Day off

49 citations , April 2016 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Shift nurses show altered body temperature and stress hormone levels, suggesting their body clocks adjust to irregular schedules.

Estimation Methods for Human Circadian Phase Using Peripheral Tissues

research Estimation methods for human circadian phase by use of peripheral tissues

14 citations , June 2016 in “Hypertension research”

New method uses hair follicle cells to estimate human body clock phase, potentially improving sleep disorder diagnosis.

research Timing of expression of the core clock gene Bmal1 influences its effects on aging and survival

237 citations , February 2016 in “Science Translational Medicine”

The timing of when the gene Bmal1 is active affects aging and survival, with its absence during development, not adulthood, leading to premature aging.

research Rhythmic expression of circadian clock genes in human leukocytes and beard hair follicle cells

38 citations , August 2012 in “Biochemical and biophysical research communications”

Human leukocytes and beard hair follicle cells have internal daily clocks, and PER1 and PER3 genes may indicate individual circadian rhythms.

The Transcriptional Landscape of Seasonal Coat Color Moult in the Snowshoe Hare

research The transcriptional landscape of seasonal coat colour moult in the snowshoe hare

28 citations , May 2017 in “Molecular ecology”

Researchers found genes that control hair color and growth change before the visible coat color changes in snowshoe hares.

research The Modulatable Stem Cell Niche: Tissue Interactions during Hair and Feather Follicle Regeneration

66 citations , July 2015 in “Journal of Molecular Biology”

The document concludes that for hair and feather growth, it's better to target the environment around stem cells than the cells themselves.

The Clock Within: Molecular Clock in Epidermis Regulates Circadian Rhythms and Stem Cell Cycles

research The clock within

6 citations , December 2011 in “Nature”

The circadian clock in skin cells controls their growth and rest cycles.

research Differential effects of melatonin as a broad range UV-damage preventive dermato-endocrine regulator

31 citations , January 2011 in “Dermato-endocrinology”

Melatonin protects skin against UV damage by regulating various cellular processes.

research When the Circadian Clock Meets the Melanin Pigmentary System

18 citations , March 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Silencing certain circadian clock genes increases skin pigmentation.

Hormones and Clocks: Do They Disrupt the Locks? Fluctuating Estrogen Levels During Menopausal Transition May Influence Clock Genes and Trigger Chronic Telogen Effluvium

research Hormones and clocks: do they disrupt the locks? Fluctuating estrogen levels during menopausal transition may influence clock genes and trigger chronic telogen effluvium

3 citations , May 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal”

Changing estrogen levels during menopause might affect genes related to body rhythms and cause increased hair loss.

Investigating the Role of Obesity, Circadian Disturbances, and Lifestyle Factors in People with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: Study Protocol for the SOMBER Trial

research Investigating the role of obesity, circadian disturbances and lifestyle factors in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Study protocol for the SOMBER trial

July 2024 in “PLoS ONE”

The trial aims to understand how obesity and lifestyle affect circadian rhythms in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

research Melatonin-Mediated Circadian Rhythm Signaling Exhibits Bidirectional Regulatory Effects on the State of Hair Follicle Stem Cells

February 2025 in “Biomolecules”

Melatonin can help or hinder hair growth depending on the dose.