Cornification is the process where living skin cells die to create a protective barrier, and problems with it can cause skin diseases.
8 citations
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February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology” The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
7 citations
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November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair breaks differently when wet or dry and is affected by its condition and treatments like perms and bleaching.
34 citations
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September 2007 in “Experimental Dermatology” The outer layer of Merino wool is rich in sulfur proteins, making it resistant to damage.
1 citations
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November 2023 in “Cosmetics” Surfactants damage hair, but sealing the cuticle can prevent this.
19 citations
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March 2017 in “Scientific Reports” HAT-L4 is crucial for preventing body fluid loss by maintaining skin barrier integrity.
25 citations
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May 2019 in “Cosmetics” 18-MEA and cationic surfactants can restore and maintain hair's hydrophobic nature, improving its beauty and feel.
61 citations
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February 1982 in “Cell and Tissue Research”
21 citations
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March 2017 in “Skin research and technology” Removing external lipids from hair reduces moisture and increases strength, while removing internal lipids decreases water permeability.
63 citations
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April 2005 in “Mechanisms of development” Mice with too much Claudin-6 have skin barrier problems and abnormal hair growth.
375 citations
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June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research” Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.
15 citations
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February 2020 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Ceramide Synthase 4 is crucial for healthy skin barrier function.
5 citations
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September 2009 in “Acta Ophthalmologica” Hyper-keratinisation in Meibomian glands contributes to gland dysfunction.
44 citations
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March 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” A wide range of proteins are integrated into the skin's protective layer.
May 2026 in “Advanced Materials Interfaces” The new coating protects and strengthens hair while improving its properties.
February 1999 in “The anatomical record” Two mouse mutants have defective hair cuticle cross-linking.
9 citations
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January 1989 in “Sen'i Gakkaishi” Wool and hair fibers absorb moisture similarly due to their keratin structure, with the amount of non-crystalline areas affecting the moisture uptake.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Ceramide synthase 4 is essential for maintaining skin barrier health.
11 citations
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January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research” Mouse tail skin has different keratinization near hair follicles and scales.
36 citations
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January 2004 in “European journal of cell biology” Without keratin 10, there's more growth and development of oil-producing skin cells.
December 2025 in “SKINdeep” Low humidity harms skin health by damaging the skin barrier and increasing inflammation.
15 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Monotreme hair structure and protein distribution are similar to other mammals, but their inner root sheath cornifies differently, suggesting a unique evolution from reptile skin.
November 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair absorbs moisture differently based on its structure and treatment, with changes occurring at 30% humidity.
9 citations
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January 2023 in “Langmuir” Solubility in skin changes with hydration, affecting chemical absorption.
35 citations
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September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair follicles are crucial for maintaining skin barrier function.
36 citations
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August 2011 in “Journal of dermatological science” Human hair has a protective lipid layer that can be damaged by moisture and treatments, affecting hair growth and health.
August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The study found that tight junctions reach the top layer of the skin's stratum granulosum, not just the second top layer as previously thought.
October 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Desmoglein 3 is important for keeping hair follicle stem cells inactive and maintaining their special properties.
12 citations
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February 2019 in “Skin research and technology” White hair has less lipid content and absorbs water differently than brown hair.