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This study explores the genetic basis of wool color in Gangba sheep by analyzing genome-wide SNPs in 40 sheep with black and white wool. Researchers identified 2,507,942 high-quality SNPs and highlighted 370 candidate genes for black wool and 311 for white wool, including genes like MC1R and MITF for black wool, and REST and EP300 for white wool. The study found significant GO terms and KEGG pathways associated with each wool color, revealing that wool color is influenced by multiple genes and genetic mechanisms. Key processes such as phospholipid transport, GTPase activity, and melanogenesis were crucial for signal transduction and melanin synthesis. The findings provide insights into genetic interactions influencing wool color, supporting selective breeding efforts to meet market demands for diverse wool products.