November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The patient likely has Chrousos syndrome, a rare condition causing insensitivity to glucocorticoids, requiring high-dose dexamethasone treatment.
June 2020 in “AACE clinical case reports” A woman's severe male hormone excess was caused by a small, hard-to-find ovarian tumor.
43 citations
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August 2010 in “Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs” Inhibitors of 11β-HSD1 show potential for treating type 2 diabetes but require more testing for safety and effectiveness.
May 2017 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Using GnRHa agonists helps diagnose and treat ovarian hyperthecosis when surgery isn't possible.
May 2025 in “Anatolian journal of obstetrics and gynecology research.” Androgens affect many aspects of female health, and more research is needed to understand their roles and treatment potential.
1 citations
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June 2021 in “Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba” Postmenopausal virilization can be caused by ovarian hyperthecosis, treatable with surgery.
56 citations
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December 2002 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Human bone cells mainly produce a type 1 enzyme that may help regulate bone health.
11 citations
,
March 1991 in “PubMed” Hormonal imbalances, including high prolactin and thyroid issues, contribute to hair growth problems in women.
May 2021 in “British Small Animal Veterinary Association eBooks” If a dog's skin tests are normal but it has hair loss, consider other non-endocrine causes and choose tests based on the hair loss pattern.
May 2026 in “Annals of Internal Medicine Clinical Cases” Leydig cell tumors can cause hormone issues in postmenopausal women even if imaging looks normal.
85 citations
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May 2019 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology” The article concludes that better understanding gene regulation related to seasonal changes can offer insights into the mechanisms of seasonal timing in mammals.
25 citations
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June 2014 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Human sebaceous glands contain enzymes that affect androgen production and may influence sebum production and acne.
202 citations
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January 1989 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Insulin changes sex hormone levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome without affecting other hormone releases.
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Hyperthyroidism can hide signs of high androgen levels in females.
11 citations
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August 2020 in “Diabetes” Testosterone helps human pancreatic cells increase insulin release.
7 citations
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December 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid therapy effectively manage Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia symptoms but have limitations.
October 2024 in “Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -)” Continuous glucose monitoring and GLP-1 receptor agonists improve diabetes management, but personalized care and education are crucial.
23 citations
,
March 1994 in “Fertility and sterility” Most patients improved with oral contraceptives, but some needed additional treatment.
October 2025 in “F1000Research” Postmenopausal women with excess male hormones may have ovarian tumors, and surgery usually cures them.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Clinicians should be aware of alternating thyroid conditions and their treatment.
4 citations
,
November 2018 in “Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports” GnRH analogue can help diagnose ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women when scans don't show the cause.
August 2013 in “Fertility and sterility” Metformin can help diagnose and treat high testosterone levels in women, often due to insulin resistance rather than a tumor.
96 citations
,
February 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Women with type 1 diabetes often have polycystic ovary syndrome and excess male hormones, which are frequently undiagnosed.
January 2025 in “Human Reproduction Open” 25% of premenopausal women with Type 1 diabetes have undiagnosed androgen excess disorders.
317 citations
,
April 2018 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” PCOS is a complex condition in women that can lead to health issues, and lifestyle changes are the best management approach.
June 2024 in “Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Balancing hormones is crucial for women's health and may require hormone therapy.
7 citations
,
January 2015 in “Case reports in endocrinology” The document concludes that HAIR-AN syndrome should be considered when a patient shows severe hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance after excluding tumors.
9 citations
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August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
40 citations
,
November 2013 in “European journal of endocrinology” Effective hirsutism treatment for women with PCOS should be personalized and may include lifestyle changes and medication.