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GlossaryEpidermal Keratins

proteins that strengthen skin, hair, and nails

Epidermal keratins are a type of protein found in the outer layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. They help provide structural strength and protection to the skin, hair, and nails. These proteins are essential for maintaining the integrity and resilience of the skin, making it resistant to physical stress and environmental damage.

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research Conditional Gene Expression in the Epidermis of Transgenic Mice Using the Tetracycline-Regulated Transactivators tTA and rTA Linked to the Keratin 5 Promoter

215 citations , November 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The system allows precise control of gene expression in mouse skin, useful for studying skin biology.

research 604 DNA dioxygenases TET regulate keratin gene expression and enhancer networks within lineage-specific gene loci during epidermal and hair follicle-specific keratinocyte differentiation

April 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

TET enzymes are important for skin and hair development by controlling gene activity in specific areas.

research A family of type I keratin genes and the homeobox-2 gene complex are closely linked to the rex locus on mouse chromosome 11

49 citations , October 1989 in “Genomics”

Type I keratin genes are closely linked to the rex locus on mouse chromosome 11, affecting hair development.

research A 5'-upstream region of a bovine keratin 6 gene confers tissue-specific expression and hyperproliferation-related induction in transgenic mice.

46 citations , May 1995 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”

A specific gene region can control targeted and responsive gene expression in mice, useful for skin disorder treatments.

research Chromosomal localization of acidic and basic keratin genes of the domestic dog

9 citations , April 1999 in “Mammalian Genome”

Acidic keratin genes are on CFA9 and basic keratin genes are on CFA27 in dogs.

research Isolation and Characterization of a Putative Keratin-Associated Protein Gene Expressed in Embryonic Skin of Mice

22 citations , July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The 4C32 gene may help in mouse skin development and differentiation.

research Severe Abnormalities in the Oral Mucosa Induced by Suprabasal Expression of Epidermal Keratin K10 in Transgenic Mice

15 citations , September 2002 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Abnormal keratin expression in mice causes severe oral issues, affecting feeding.

research Epidermal Dysplasia and Abnormal Hair Follicles in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Homeobox Gene MSX-2

49 citations , August 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Overexpressing the MSX-2 gene in mice causes skin and hair growth issues.

research Identification of novel glucocorticoid receptor-regulated genes involved in epidermal homeostasis and hair follicle differentiation

19 citations , September 2007 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

Glucocorticoid receptors help regulate genes important for skin health and hair growth.

research Chapter 3 Expression and Modification of Keratins During Terminal Differentiation of Mammalian Epidermis

81 citations , January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology”

Keratins change and are modified differently in skin layers and body parts.

research Molecular Genetics of Inherited Disorders of Epidermal Keratins

March 2009 in “Encyclopedia of Life Sciences”

Mutations in keratin genes cause skin disorders, but new treatments show promise.

research Hair follicle differentiation: expression, structure and evolutionary conservation of the hair type II keratin intermediate filament gene family

65 citations , February 1992 in “Development”

Type II keratin genes are crucial for hair follicle differentiation and have a conserved structure and expression pattern.

research Chapter 2 The Human Keratin Genes and Their Differential Expression

126 citations , January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology”

Different keratin proteins are expressed in various epithelial cells at different stages, affecting cell structure and function.

research Expression of the Intermediate Filament Keratin Gene,K15,in the Basal Cell Layers of Epithelia and the Hair Follicle

46 citations , November 1998 in “Experimental Cell Research”

K15 gene is mainly active in the basal layers of hair follicles and epithelia, aiding early skin cell development.

Effects of Food-Derived Collagen Peptides on the Expression of Keratin and Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in Mouse Skin

research Effects of Food-Derived Collagen Peptides on the Expression of Keratin and Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in the Mouse Skin

11 citations , January 2015 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology”

Eating collagen peptides may help with skin and hair growth.

research Analysis of Sequences Controlling Tissue-Specific and Hyperproliferation-Related Keratin 6 Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice

26 citations , February 1998 in “DNA and Cell Biology”

K6 gene expression can be controlled and manipulated in mice for studying skin disorders.

research A new tool for conditional gene manipulation in a subset of keratin‐expressing epithelia

4 citations , July 2012 in “Genesis”

The Megsin-Cre transgene is a new tool for genetic manipulation in the skin and upper digestive tract.

research Alterations in the expression of specific epidermal keratin markers in the hairless mouse by the topical application of the tumor promoters 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate

12 citations , January 1987 in “Carcinogenesis”

TCDD changes skin cell growth and keratin production in mice.

research A gene for pachyonychia congenita is closely linked to the keratin gene cluster on 17q12-q21.

61 citations , September 1994 in “Journal of Medical Genetics”

Pachyonychia congenita is linked to a keratin gene on chromosome 17.

research Supplementary Material for: Effects of Food-Derived Collagen Peptides on the Expression of Keratin and Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in the Mouse Skin

January 2017 in “OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)”

Collagen peptides may boost skin and hair-related gene expression.

research Supplementary Material for: Effects of Food-Derived Collagen Peptides on the Expression of Keratin and Keratin-Associated Protein Genes in the Mouse Skin

January 2017

Collagen peptides may boost skin and hair-related gene expression.

Characterization and Chromosomal Localization of Human Hair-Specific Keratin Genes and Comparative Expression During the Hair Growth Cycle

research Characterization and Chromosomal Localization of Human Hair-Specific Keratin Genes and Comparative Expression During the Hair Growth Cycle

32 citations , February 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Two specific hair keratin genes are active during hair growth and decline as hair transitions to rest.

research Defining a Region of the Human Keratin 6a Gene That Confers Inducible Expression in Stratified Epithelia of Transgenic Mice

44 citations , May 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

The human keratin 6a gene's specific sequences trigger expression in skin layers after injury.

research Efficient In Vivo Targeting of Epidermal Stem Cells by Early Gestational Intraamniotic Injection of Lentiviral Vector Driven by the Keratin 5 Promoter

52 citations , October 2007 in “Molecular Therapy”

Injecting lentiviral vectors into early gestation mice effectively targets skin stem cells for potential gene therapy.

research 591 Chromatin architectural protein CTCF regulates terminal keratinocyte differentiation in the developing epidermis and hair follicles

April 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

CTCF protein is essential for skin and hair follicle development in mice.

The Early Region of Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus Drives Proliferation, Altered Differentiation, and Ectopic Expression of Hair Follicle Differentiation Markers in Interfollicular Tail Epidermis

research LB1019 The early region of trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus drives proliferation, altered differentiation, and ectopic expression of hair follicle differentiation markers in interfollicular tail epidermis

July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

The early genes of a specific virus can cause abnormal skin cell growth and hair follicle changes.

research Irwin Freedberg: Keratins Before the Beginning

1 citations , February 2006 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Irwin Freedberg made significant contributions to understanding keratin proteins in dermatology.

research The Enrichment of Specific Hair Follicle-Associated Cell Populations in Plucked Hairs Offers an Opportunity to Study Gene Expression Underlying Hair Traits

2 citations , December 2022 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Plucked hairs can be used instead of skin biopsies to study hair traits because they contain specific cells related to hair.

Chromatin Remodeler Lymphoid-Specific Helicase (Lsh) Is a Critical Determinant Controlling Postnatal Epidermal Growth, Differentiation, and Response to Injury

research 707 Chromatin remodeler Lymphoid-specific helicase (Lsh) is a critical determinant controlling postnatal epidermal growth, differentiation and response to injury

April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Lymphoid-specific helicase (Lsh) is crucial for skin growth, change, and healing after injury.

research The Effect of Hairless Mutant Gene on The Thymus and Skin Under The C_(57)BL/6 Genetic Background

January 2004 in “Laboratory Animal Science and Administration”

The hairless mutant gene causes early hair loss and affects skin and thymus development in mice.