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GlossaryEpithelialization

process of new skin cells covering a wound

Epithelialization is the process by which new epithelial cells form and migrate to cover a wound or damaged tissue, creating a protective barrier. This is a crucial step in wound healing, as it helps to restore the integrity of the skin or mucous membranes, preventing infection and further injury.

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research Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Confirms the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Pathogenic Triad: Upregulated Inflammation, Altered Epithelial Organization, and Dysregulated Metabolic Signaling

13 citations , September 2022 in “Biomolecules”

The research confirms that Hidradenitis Suppurativa is characterized by increased inflammation, disrupted skin cell organization, and abnormal metabolic processes.

Follicular Dermal Papilla Structures by Organization of Epithelial and Mesenchymal Cells in Interfacial Polyelectrolyte Complex Fibers

research Follicular dermal papilla structures by organization of epithelial and mesenchymal cells in interfacial polyelectrolyte complex fibers

40 citations , June 2013 in “Biomaterials”

Scientists created 3D hair-like structures that could help study hair growth and test treatments.

research The Epithelial Stem Cell Niche in Skin

9 citations , January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Skin's epithelial stem cells are crucial for repair and maintenance, and understanding them could improve treatments for skin problems.

research Organizational principles of integumentary organs: Maximizing variations for effective adaptation

8 citations , March 2025 in “Developmental Biology”

Integumentary organs adapt and evolve for survival, with potential uses in regenerative medicine.

Characterization, Genomic Organization, Expression, and Function of the mEphA1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase

research Characterisation, genomic organisation, expression and function of the mEphA1 receptor Tyrosine Kinase

April 2007

mEphA1 receptor tyrosine kinase is important for skin and hair development and may play a role in certain diseases.

research Microscopy‐guided laser ablation for the creation of complex skin models with folliculoid appendages

5 citations , October 2020 in “Bioengineering & translational medicine”

Researchers used a laser to create advanced skin models with hair-like structures.

research The Rho GTPase regulator ARHGEF3 orchestrates hair placode budding by coordinating cell fate and P-cadherin patterning in mice

January 2026 in “PLoS Biology”

ARHGEF3 is essential for proper hair follicle development in mice.

research Characterization of a 300 kbp Region of Human DNA Containing the Type II Hair Keratin Gene Domain

77 citations , March 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

The research identified six functional hair keratin genes and four pseudogenes, providing insights into hair formation and gene organization.

Deciphering a Message from the Nucleus: How Transcription Factors and Spatial Chromatin Interactions Orchestrate Epidermal Differentiation

research Deciphering a Message from the Nucleus: How Transcription Factors and Spatial Chromatin Interactions Orchestrate Epidermal Differentiation

April 2023 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Key skin cell regulators and gene organization changes are crucial for skin cell development and could help treat skin disorders.

Proceedings of the Heinz Maurer-Symposium: Review and Preview in Science for Healthy Skin, June 28, 2014, Jakobsberg, Boppard, Germany

research Proceedings of the Heinz Maurer-Symposium “Review and Preview in Science for Healthy Skin” June 28th 2014, Jakobsberg, Boppard, Germany

September 2014 in “Aktuelle Dermatologie”

The symposium concluded that environmental factors significantly contribute to skin aging.

research Hair biology: an update

11 citations , February 2002 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Recent findings show that hair growth and color are controlled by a complex network of signals in the hair follicle.

research The expanding significance of keratin intermediate filaments in normal and diseased epithelia

186 citations , December 2012 in “Current opinion in cell biology”

Keratin proteins are increasingly recognized as important for cell health and are linked to many diseases.

research Defining a Region of the Human Keratin 6a Gene That Confers Inducible Expression in Stratified Epithelia of Transgenic Mice

44 citations , May 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

The human keratin 6a gene's specific sequences trigger expression in skin layers after injury.

research Type II Epithelial Keratin 6hf (K6hf) Is Expressed in the Companion Layer, Matrix, and Medulla in Anagen-Stage Hair Follicles

60 citations , December 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

K6hf is found in specific parts of hair follicles, nails, and tongue, and is linked to hair growth and structure.

research Msx2 Prevents Stratified Squamous Epithelium Formation in the Enamel Organ

18 citations , June 2018 in “Journal of Dental Research”

Msx2 is essential for proper enamel formation by preventing abnormal cell transformation.

research TYPICAL MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SKIN STRUCTURE OF THE HAIR PART OF THE NORMAL HUMAN HEAD AND WITH HAIR LOSS

January 2023 in “Vìsnik problem bìologìï ì medicini”

Androgenic alopecia causes hair follicle degradation and skin restructuring, but some hair elements remain.

research Chapter 2 The Human Keratin Genes and Their Differential Expression

126 citations , January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology”

Different keratin proteins are expressed in various epithelial cells at different stages, affecting cell structure and function.

research Beyond Expectations

70 citations , January 2014 in “International review of cell and molecular biology”

Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.

Perspectives on Hair Evolution Based on Comparative Studies on Vertebrate Cornification

research Perspectives on Hair Evolution Based on Some Comparative Studies on Vertebrate Cornification

17 citations , June 2012 in “Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution”

Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.

research Impacts of manipulating cell sorting on in vitro hair follicle regeneration

1 citations , October 2022 in “Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering”

Manipulating cell sorting can improve hair follicle regeneration in the lab.

research Progenitor Cell Dynamics in Androgenetic Alopecia: Insights from Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics

June 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Targeting EMT and fibrotic remodeling may help treat androgenetic alopecia.

research LB1076 Using the frog embryonic epidermis as a model to study desmosome function during development

August 2019 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Frog skin cells need the protein desmoplakin for proper development and cell layer formation.

research Keratin function and regulation in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis

7 citations , April 2012 in “Biomolecular concepts”

Keratin is crucial for keeping skin cells healthy and its changes can lead to diseases and affect cell behavior.

High-Throughput Screening of 3D Co-Culture Hair Follicle Mimetic Tissue with Enhanced ECM for the Screening of Hair Growth Promoting Compounds

research High-throughput screening of 3D co-culture hair follicle mimetic tissue with enhanced ECM for the screening of hair growth promoting compounds

January 2024 in “Biomaterials Research”

The new 3D system helps test hair growth treatments effectively.

research 591 Chromatin architectural protein CTCF regulates terminal keratinocyte differentiation in the developing epidermis and hair follicles

April 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

CTCF protein is essential for skin and hair follicle development in mice.

research Hierarchical patterning modes orchestrate hair follicle morphogenesis

149 citations , July 2017 in “PLoS Biology”

Hair follicle patterns form through a mix of self-organization and signaling interactions.

research Analysis of Sequences Controlling Tissue-Specific and Hyperproliferation-Related Keratin 6 Gene Expression in Transgenic Mice

26 citations , February 1998 in “DNA and Cell Biology”

K6 gene expression can be controlled and manipulated in mice for studying skin disorders.

Hair From Sexually Active Bucks Activates Olfactory Inputs But Does Not Trigger Early First Ovulation in Prepubescent Does

research Hair from Sexually Active Bucks Strongly Activates Olfactory Sensory Inputs But Fails to Trigger Early First Ovulation in Prepubescent Does

January 2023

Male goat smell increases reaction in young female goats' noses but doesn't cause them to start puberty early.

Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 in a Growth- and Stress-Dependent Fashion

research Type I Keratin 17 Protein Is Phosphorylated on Serine 44 by p90 Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase 1 (RSK1) in a Growth- and Stress-dependent Fashion

30 citations , December 2011 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Keratin 17 is modified by RSK1 in response to growth and stress, affecting skin growth and stress response.

research Phenotypic modulation of human hair matrix cells (trichocytes) by environmental influence in vitro and in vivo.

11 citations , April 1993 in “PubMed”

Human hair cells can change based on their environment, especially interactions with certain skin cells.