8 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 17β-estradiol lowers polyamine oxidase levels in breast cancer cells through estrogen receptor 2.
9 citations
,
February 2022 in “Biomedicines” Testosterone treatment may change estrogen receptor methylation in AFAB individuals.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 4 citations
,
December 2002 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Estrogens can slow skin aging after menopause, but can't restore youthful skin.
December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” Estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women can cause skin and hair issues, but local estrogen therapies help improve vaginal health.
July 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
2 citations
,
October 2015 in “Obstetrics and gynaecology cases - reviews” Removing both ovaries may better treat increased male hormone levels and related symptoms in postmenopausal women when hormone therapy doesn't work.
April 2018 in “Gynäkologische Endokrinologie” Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.
100 citations
,
July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The document concludes that doctors should thoroughly check postmenopausal women with sudden increased male traits for rare conditions like androgen-producing endometrial cancer.
9 citations
,
May 2019 in “Experimental Cell Research” HPV genes and estradiol increase a cancer-related signaling pathway, which may be targeted for cervical cancer treatment.
3 citations
,
August 2021 in “Nutrition research” Estrogen affects how vitamin A is processed in mouse skin, which may impact acne treatment, hair growth, and skin defense.
2 citations
,
August 2011 in “Revista Medica De Chile” A postmenopausal woman's high testosterone levels and symptoms improved after removing a tumor from her ovary.
9 citations
,
August 1952 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A 17-year-old female with adrenogenital syndrome produces very high levels of androgens, which prevent complete feminization despite high estrogen doses.
17 citations
,
January 2004 in “European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology/European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology” Certain hormone medications can treat symptoms like acne and unwanted hair, regulate periods, and prevent pregnancy in women and teenage girls.
64 citations
,
January 1998 in “Drugs” Dienogest combined with ethinylestradiol is a highly effective birth control that improves menstrual symptoms and has manageable side effects.
July 2024 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” In post-menopausal women, signs of increased male hormones should be checked for possible ovarian cancer.
September 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” High doses of testosterone disrupt hormone levels and receptor expression in the uterus, affecting fertility.
14 citations
,
January 1980 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Both treatments reduced androgen levels and hair growth in women with hirsutism.
April 2020 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare ovarian tumor caused high male hormone levels, but surgery fixed it.
43 citations
,
January 2006 in “PubMed” Androgens and estrogens are crucial for male reproductive health, affecting hormone levels and tissue function.
January 2014 in “European Geriatric Medicine” A postmenopausal woman's virilization was caused by a rare ovarian tumor that was hard to detect but was successfully treated with surgery.
947 citations
,
February 2004 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Most women with excess male hormones have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and hormonal therapy can improve symptoms but may cause side effects.
1 citations
,
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Hormonal contraceptives and related compounds can increase health risks like thrombosis and affect sexual function.
November 2022 in “Scientific Reports” Certain ESR1 gene variations may affect hormone levels and fat distribution in women with high male hormone levels.
November 2023 in “JCEM Case Reports” A postmenopausal woman's excess male hormone symptoms improved after her ovaries were removed.
December 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Rare ovarian tumors can cause increased male hormones in postmenopausal women; surgery is an effective treatment.
July 2008 in “International journal of psychophysiology” Cyproterone acetate is a safe treatment that causes mild feminizing effects in adolescent trans-girls.
4 citations
,
July 1983 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Certain hormones can reduce skin oil and hair growth, potentially helping treat acne and excessive hair in women.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Estetrol (E4) may help treat female pattern hair loss by prolonging hair growth.