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January 1992 in “DNA sequence” Researchers found a non-functional sheep keratin gene due to mutations.
December 2025 in “npj Systems Biology and Applications” Cold temperatures can stop human cell circadian rhythms, but warming restores them.
Dark hair with a red beard likely evolved for camouflage, not attraction.
June 2023 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry” Get3d protein helps maintain photosynthesis in plants and photosynthetic bacteria.
April 2018 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” GATA6 is important for maintaining and differentiating cells in a key area of human skin.
January 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks” The conclusion is that grasping how cells determine their roles through evolution is key, with expected progress from new research models and genome editing.
The document concludes that current treatments for androgenic alopecia are not fully effective, but new therapies like botulinum toxin and PRP show promise, and future gene therapy could be beneficial.
March 2011 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” The Agouti gene influences pigmentation and may have a developmental role in deer mice.
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July 2006 in “Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery” New techniques in scalp reconstruction have improved cosmetic results and reduced complications, especially for large defects.
March 2014 in “Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia” Hair follicles are a key source of stem cells for skin repair and could help treat baldness.
June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
June 1997 in “The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery” Gradual improvements in hair restoration techniques are safer and more effective than drastic changes.
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July 2016 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” The p53 protein has complex, sometimes contradictory functions, including tumor suppression and promoting cell survival.
May 2022 in “Голова и шея.” The distal radius evolved to adapt and function despite potential fractures.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.
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April 2021 in “Current Biology” November 2025 in “animal” Certain genes in European Merino sheep help them adapt to different climates.
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November 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Mutant stem cells adapt their metabolism differently to outcompete normal cells in the skin.
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January 2009 in “The International Journal of Developmental Biology” Reptile scales help us understand the evolution of skin features like hair and feathers.
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April 2009 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” Docetaxel and paclitaxel for breast cancer can cause permanent, severe hair loss.
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November 2014 in “Annual Review of Animal Biosciences” Feathers are crucial for understanding bird evolution, development, and have inspired biomimetic research.
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July 2025 in “Cancer Medicine” Colorectal cancer cells can adapt without losing their traits or drug sensitivity.
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September 2012 in “Nature” African spiny mice can regenerate skin, hair, and cartilage, but not muscle, and their unique abilities could be useful for regenerative medicine.
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April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Cyproterone acetate-estrogen most effective for hirsutism, but consider side effects and patient needs.
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July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Hair growth is influenced by interactions between skin layers, growth factors, and hormones, but the exact mechanisms are not fully understood.
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August 1990 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Ketoconazole reduced hair growth and improved acne in women, but caused side effects needing careful monitoring.
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February 2008 in “Journal of cutaneous pathology” Melanocyte precursors in human fetal skin follow a specific migration pattern and some remain in the skin's deeper layers.
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August 2018 in “Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America” The document explains hair biology, the causes of hair loss, and reviews various hair loss treatments.
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April 1999 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” All treatments reduce hair growth; low dose flutamide most effective with fewer side effects.