February 2026 in “ImmunoTargets and Therapy” Tumor immunotherapy can cause hair loss by disrupting hair follicle immunity.
December 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” AP-2α and AP-2β proteins are essential for healthy adult skin and hair.
September 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Not having enough or having too much of the protein Grainyhead-like 3 leads to various developmental problems.
July 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Hair regrowth was seen in 83% of children with alopecia, immune system plays a role in the condition, and various treatments showed effectiveness for hair and nail disorders.
March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.
May 2002 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Finasteride is effective for male hair loss, teledermatology is accurate and accepted, and cyclosporin helps treat toxic epidermal necrolysis.
54 citations
,
June 1985 in “American Journal of Dermatopathology” Minoxidil helps grow longer, thicker hair in bald scalps of stumptailed macaques, and early treatment is more effective.
6 citations
,
January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks” The skin has multiple layers and cells, serves as a protective barrier, helps regulate temperature, enables sensation, affects appearance, and is involved in vitamin D synthesis.
June 2011 in “CRC Press eBooks” Low-Level Laser Therapy can stimulate healing and cell function, potentially leading to wider medical use.
Canine fetal hair follicle stem cells show pluripotency, with higher S100 protein expression at 40 days.
30 citations
,
May 2016 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Hair loss in women links to inflammation around hair follicles.
13 citations
,
January 2016 in “Journal of cosmetology & trichology” Alternative treatments show promise for hair growth beyond traditional methods.
December 2025 in “Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology” Understanding embryologic layers improves skin disorder diagnosis and supports developing targeted therapies.
Most American men experience hair loss by age 50, with limited effective treatments available and new options not expected soon.
2 citations
,
October 2010 in “Journal of dermatological treatment” External treatments can change hair growth patterns in nude mice.
66 citations
,
August 2001 in “Experimental Dermatology” Human hair follicle cells can grow hair when put into mouse skin if they stay in contact with mouse cells.
300 citations
,
August 2012 in “Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology” The conclusion is that certain cell interactions and signals are crucial for hair growth and regeneration.
141 citations
,
August 2018 in “Nature Reviews Microbiology” Some viruses can cause cancer by changing cell processes and avoiding the immune system; vaccines and targeted treatments help reduce these cancers.
108 citations
,
July 2002 in “Molecular and cellular biology” Overexpressing Dsg3 in mice skin causes excessive cell growth and abnormal skin development.
54 citations
,
October 2023 in “Oncogene” p63 is essential for controlling epithelial stem cells and tissue health.
46 citations
,
March 2019 in “Journal of Pineal Research” Melatonin improves cashmere goat hair growth and quality by increasing antioxidants and reducing cell death.
82 citations
,
May 2009 in “Development” EGF and KGF signalling prevent hair follicle formation and promote skin cell development in mice.
January 2022 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Skin lesions in Carney complex are likely caused by a specific group of skin cells that promote pigment production due to a genetic mutation.
8 citations
,
September 2008 in “Medical Hypotheses” The paper suggests that hair loss might be caused by skull growth, not just DHT's effect on hair follicles, and calls for more research.
22 citations
,
July 2015 in “PloS one” Foxp1 helps control hair stem cell growth and response to stress during hair growth cycles.
2 citations
,
June 2024 in “Medical Journal of Babylon” Higher CD8+ T cell levels are linked to Alopecia areata in Iraqi patients.
419 citations
,
March 2005 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Hair-follicle stem cells can become neurons.
5 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” Dihydrotestosterone treatment on 2D and 3D-cultured skin cells slows down hair growth by affecting certain genes and could be a potential target for hair loss treatment.
January 2025 in “Health engineering.” Combining stem cells and organoids could improve skin regeneration treatments.
2 citations
,
October 2022 in “Journal of Biomedical Science” Stem cells and their secretions could potentially treat stress-induced hair loss, but more human trials are needed.