88 citations
,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
55 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
54 citations
,
March 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” Prenatal pesticide exposure may cause earlier breast development in girls.
29 citations
,
October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
22 citations
,
January 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Measuring certain hormones can help predict metabolic risk in women with PCOS.
21 citations
,
July 2019 in “Cardiovascular Research” High levels of male hormones in pregnant mice cause heart enlargement and poor heart function in their female babies.
21 citations
,
February 2015 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Keloids may be influenced by stress and psychological factors.
19 citations
,
February 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” More research is needed on the health effects of hormone therapy for transgender and nonbinary people.
17 citations
,
January 2013 in “Case Reports in Medicine” Steroid cell tumors in the ovary are rare, can cause hormone-related symptoms, and require surgery.
14 citations
,
April 2022 in “Climacteric” Menopause causes dry skin, wrinkles, and hair changes, with hormone therapy helping but not recommended just for these issues.
12 citations
,
February 2025 in “Women s Health” Metformin helps manage PCOS by improving fertility and is safe for pregnancy, especially when combined with certain treatments.
12 citations
,
June 2024 in “Nutrients” Natural antioxidants like flavonoids and resveratrol may help prevent low testosterone in aging men.
10 citations
,
January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks” Hair growth is influenced by hormones and goes through different phases; androgens can both promote and inhibit hair growth depending on the body area.
8 citations
,
May 1996 in “Endocrinology” Certain adrenal hormones can strongly stimulate oil gland growth in hamster skin, similar to male hormones.
7 citations
,
September 2023 in “Cancer Treatment Reviews” Managing side effects of endocrine therapy is crucial to improve adherence and survival in breast cancer patients.
5 citations
,
February 2023 in “Journal of Clinical Medicine” Diagnosing and treating PCOS in teenagers is difficult, and the focus is on lifestyle changes and medication to improve health and prevent future issues.
5 citations
,
January 2023 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The statement offers guidance for hormone therapy and surgery to help gender-incongruent adults affirm a male identity.
5 citations
,
September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
3 citations
,
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Chromium, inositol, and omega-3 can help manage PCOS symptoms.
3 citations
,
October 2023 in “Cosmetics” Healthy lifestyle changes can significantly improve skin health as you age.
3 citations
,
September 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Androgens and a high-fat diet may increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in women with PCOS by upregulating certain proteins in the heart and kidneys.
3 citations
,
February 2015 in “Mechanisms of development” Hormones and stretching both needed for nipple area skin growth in mice.
2 citations
,
September 2025 in “Cosmetics” Hormonal therapies can improve skin issues by adjusting hormone levels, with future advancements promising better results.
1 citations
,
May 2023 in “Cell reports medicine” Sons of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher risk of obesity and insulin resistance, possibly due to certain genes and factors passed down from their mothers.
1 citations
,
February 2023 in “Journal of Athletic Training” Athletic trainers should understand and support the medical needs of transgender and gender-diverse patients.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Journal of gynecology and womens health” The study found that PCOS affects about 6.5-6.8% of women in both urban and rural areas of Telangana, India, and highlighted the importance of lifestyle changes for management.
1 citations
,
December 2006 in “Experimental Dermatology” Adipocytes have diverse roles in energy storage, protection, tissue repair, and influence health and disease.
July 2025 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach and informed consent for gender-affirming hormone treatment, with regular follow-ups and individualized care.
Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
February 2025 in “Medicine” Precocious puberty in girls is linked to cosmetics, pollution, light exposure, early sexual information, diet, and hereditary factors.