December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
Women with female pattern hair loss may have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome.
July 2015 in “Egyptian Journal of Dermatology and Venereology” People with androgenetic alopecia, both men and women, are more likely to develop heart diseases in the future.
4 citations
,
October 2022 in “Nutrients” Personalized diets, like the Mediterranean Diet and low carb diets, can help manage PCOS symptoms in obese women, and probiotics may enhance weight loss and improve metabolic health. More research is needed to find the best diet strategies.
November 2025 in “Medicina” Alopecia areata may be linked to changes in body fat but not to heart or artery issues.
29 citations
,
October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
32 citations
,
April 2016 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Women with severe types of PCOS are more likely to have metabolic syndrome, and belly fat is a key predictor of this risk.
218 citations
,
October 2013 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Mice lacking the PPARγ gene in their fat cells had almost no fat tissue, severe metabolic problems, and abnormal development of other fat-related tissues.
149 citations
,
December 2007 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have overall higher body fat, not abnormal fat placement, and more insulin resistance.
506 citations
,
March 2005 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Testosterone therapy improves physical function, strength, and body composition in older men with low testosterone levels.
8 citations
,
March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “Cureus” Women with PCOS have higher irisin levels, which may affect their metabolism and hormones.
298 citations
,
July 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” About 6.5% of young Caucasian women in Spain have polycystic ovary syndrome.
13 citations
,
March 2019 in “Physiological Research” Overweight women with PCOS have higher levels of certain hormones that could indicate a higher risk of heart and metabolic problems.
October 2023 in “Advancement in yoga and physical therapy” More research is needed before using brown fat to treat polycystic ovary syndrome.
16 citations
,
February 2016 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Indian women with PCOS from Delhi and Srinagar show different symptoms, with Delhi women having higher obesity and blood sugar issues, and Srinagar women showing more hair growth and testosterone levels.
December 2025 in “Reports of Morphology” Men with alopecia areata have different body fat distribution compared to healthy men.
December 2020 in “Nigerian journal of animal production” Dexamethasone can cause diabetes in rats, and Annona muricata bark extract may help lower blood sugar.
Human scalp hair follicles have PGE2 and its receptors, which might affect hair growth.
5 citations
,
May 2008 in “Pediatric Diabetes” Low-glycemic index diets are beneficial for weight loss and satiety, but more research is needed on long-term effects and individualized approaches are recommended.
August 2023 in “MOJ women's health” Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) could potentially treat Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) by controlling energy balance and lipid homeostasis, but more human research is needed.
7 citations
,
October 2024 in “Livers” Sex hormones affect liver fat and metabolic health differently in men and women.
July 2024 in “Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal” Hormonal therapy for transgender individuals carries health risks but is a personal choice.
23 citations
,
March 2019 in “Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery – Global Open” BMI is not a significant predictor of complications after gender-affirming penile inversion vaginoplasty.
1 citations
,
July 2011 in “Climacteric” Long-term estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women can improve certain health markers, hair loss is common regardless of hormone use, stopping estrogen doesn't increase breast cancer risk, smoking does, and a balanced BMI is linked to lower mortality.
October 2023 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Hyperandrogenism increases heart disease risk in premenopausal women, but this risk is linked to obesity in postmenopausal women.
March 2015 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Testosterone affects skin by increasing oil production and influences hair growth.
44 citations
,
March 2008 in “European journal of endocrinology” Women with PCOS have lower ghrelin levels and a weaker response to sugar, which might affect their feeling of fullness and lead to overeating.
204 citations
,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
14 citations
,
November 2015 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Changing the diet of mice lacking the enzyme CBS can affect symptoms related to the genetic condition.