124 citations
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March 2012 in “JAMA” Testosterone's muscle-building effects do not require its conversion to DHT.
July 2012 in “The Journal of Urology” Testosterone increases muscle mass regardless of DHT conversion blocking.
72 citations
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October 1998 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” Long-term testosterone therapy can cause hormone suppression, affect prostate and heart health, and alter physical characteristics, but does not increase prostate cancer risk and needs more research for full risk assessment.
31 citations
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January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology” Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.
14 citations
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August 2014 in “Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism” A low-starch/low-dairy diet may help overweight women with PCOS lose weight and improve metabolism, but more research is needed.
92 citations
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November 2003 in “The Journals of Gerontology” Testosterone supplements can increase muscle mass and strength in older men with low levels, but long-term effects and risks need more research.
105 citations
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June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
29 citations
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October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
15 citations
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October 2011 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Obesity changes androgen levels in women with PCOS, leading to higher testosterone relative to androstenedione.
12 citations
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October 2018 in “Aging male/The aging male” Higher BMI and lower testosterone are linked to more aggressive prostate cancer.
4 citations
,
August 2019 Higher free testosterone levels can increase bone density and decrease body fat but may raise the risk of prostate cancer, hair loss, and benign prostate enlargement.
December 2024 in “Frontiers in Neurology” Testosterone with finasteride improved muscle and bone health in men with spinal cord injury.
9 citations
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February 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology” Children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have thicker heart fat and are at higher risk for heart problems and early atherosclerosis.
7 citations
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October 2024 in “Livers” Sex hormones affect liver fat and metabolic health differently in men and women.
October 2018 in “Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology” Children with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia have thicker heart fat and more heart and blood vessel risk factors, especially if their condition is not well-controlled.
March 2026 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research” Ark-e-Kasni improves PCOS symptoms and may be a potential treatment.
October 2010 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online” Women with PCOS and androgenic alopecia have different triglyceride metabolism compared to those without hair loss.
48 citations
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February 2008 in “Nutrition in Clinical Practice” Dietary changes, including weight loss and a balanced diet, are important for managing PCOS, especially in overweight women.
4 citations
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December 2021 in “Pharmacological Reports” Metformin is less effective in men with early-onset hair loss.
90 citations
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February 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Women with PCOS have more body fat and thicker fat layers in certain abdominal areas than women without PCOS.
36 citations
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April 2017 in “journal of current ophthalmology” Good preoperative assessment is crucial for safe and effective eyelid and brow cosmetic surgery.
4 citations
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June 2021 in “Applied Sciences” Women with PCOS have higher body fat and worse insulin resistance and lipid profiles.
1 citations
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December 2013 in “ThinkTech (Texas Tech University)” A low insulinemic diet improves weight, hormone levels, and well-being in women with PCOS.
August 2024 in “Archives of Women s Mental Health” Women with PCOS have more depression and stress due to high androgen levels, not obesity or insulin resistance.
July 2023 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Gender-affirming hormone therapy improves physical performance in trans men to the level of cisgender men, while in trans women, it increases fat mass and decreases muscle mass, with no advantage in physical performance after 2 years.
The document recommends a multidisciplinary approach and experience sharing to advance facial feminization surgery as a medical field.
December 2010 in “TSpace” Activating androgen receptors in muscle can increase muscle mass and reduce fat.
17 citations
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October 2013 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open” Male pattern baldness may be caused by scalp pressure on hair follicles, which increases with age and leads to a cycle of hair loss. This process is not directly determined by genes.
10 citations
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November 2017 in “Dermatologic Clinics” More men are getting cosmetic procedures, mainly for aging, hair loss, and to keep masculine features, with growing interest in both surgical and noninvasive treatments.
February 2024 in “Brain research bulletin” Blocking androgen activity in newborn rats affects body weight and appetite-related hormones differently in males and females.