105 citations
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June 2010 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Testosterone undecanoate increases lean mass and causes various physical changes in female-to-male transsexuals.
19 citations
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June 2006 in “Physiology & Behavior” Finasteride slows down motherly behavior in first-time pregnant rats.
August 2020 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Finasteride, at doses of 5mg or higher, may negatively affect male fertility by reducing the expression of certain genes involved in sperm production.
January 1983 in “Elsevier eBooks” Masculinization in affected individuals occurs gradually after puberty due to hormone changes.
Finasteride affects prostate development differently in male and female Mongolian gerbils.
157 citations
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May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
3 citations
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March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
60 citations
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June 2007 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Blocking progesterone metabolism can cause depression-like behavior in mice.
26 citations
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November 1993 in “Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry” Treatment during development affects hormone balance and sexual behavior in male rats.
168 citations
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January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Male and female mice have different skin thickness, and hormones affect their skin and hair growth differently.
January 2024 in “JEADV clinical practice” Gender-affirming dermatology treatments generally improve mental well-being for transgender individuals, but more research is needed.
17 citations
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September 2013 in “The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology”
11 citations
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January 2017 in “Journal of Endocrinology/Journal of endocrinology” Female mice with disrupted 5α-reductase 1 had significant metabolic issues, including stress response problems, insulin resistance, liver fat buildup, and obesity.
May 2019 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” Testosterone significantly affects urination differences between male and female mice.
32 citations
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July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.
5 citations
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September 2022 in “Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine” Facial feminization surgery helps make facial features more feminine, improving patient satisfaction and safety.
98 citations
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July 1983 in “Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Individuals with this condition often develop male traits and identities at puberty despite being raised as females.
41 citations
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November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Male hormones, or androgens, affect women's health in areas like mood and bone density, and hormone replacement therapy using antiandrogenic progestogens can improve mood disorders and alertness in menopausal women.
118 citations
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May 2003 in “Toxicological Sciences” Exposure to finasteride in the womb caused lasting reproductive issues in male rats.
60 citations
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November 2009 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology” Fadrozole and finasteride change gene expression related to sex hormones and thyroid hormones in frog larvae development.
13 citations
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December 2010 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Inhibiting certain enzymes made female rats more sensitive to low-level pain.
Finasteride reduces DHT levels and affects gene expression in fish, similar to its effects in humans.
November 2017 in “JAMA internal medicine” Women also use 5α-reductase inhibitors for hair loss and hirsutism.
January 2026 in “Endocrinology”
March 2024 in “Journal of Neuroscience Research” Finasteride may reduce depression and anxiety in female rats and improve brain connectivity.
Finasteride may affect female fertility by altering gene activity.
63 citations
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December 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Reduced neurosteroids and growth issues can harm fetal brain development, especially in males.
12 citations
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February 2017 in “International journal of developmental neuroscience” Female guinea pigs exposed to less allopregnanolone before birth showed more anxiety-like behavior.
21 citations
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April 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Finasteride may cause mental and sexual side effects, with hand preference and sexual orientation possibly affecting severity.
June 2021 in “Archives of Advances in Biosciences” Finasteride reduces sperm count and quality and alters hormone levels in mice.