1 citations
,
April 2022 in “Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery” Hormone therapy greatly improves the quality of life for adults seeking gender reaffirmation, but more research is needed in India.
November 2004 in “Medical Journal of Indonesia” Hormonal imbalances can cause skin and hair problems in women, and treatments that block male hormones can help.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
26 citations
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January 2020 in “Przegląd Menopauzalny” Menopausal women have higher androgen levels, which can cause symptoms like facial hair growth and low sexual desire.
January 2019 in “The Annals of Thoracic Surgery” The document concludes that careful planning and execution of facial gender affirmation surgery after at least 12 months of hormonal therapy can improve the quality of life for transgender individuals.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hormone therapy in transgender and gender diverse individuals affects hair loss differently than in cisgender individuals.
1 citations
,
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Testosterone treatment may affect heart response to stress in transgender men.
July 2025 in “Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology” Early androgen exposure affects hormone receptor expression in adult female rats' brains, but not in males.
1 citations
,
January 2015 in “Elsevier eBooks” Certain pesticides and fungicides can interfere with male hormone functions, potentially causing reproductive issues in male rats.
26 citations
,
September 2005 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” 5alpha-reductase 2 is crucial for proper male brain development and sexual differentiation.
100 citations
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July 2004 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormones like estrogen, testosterone, progesterone, and prolactin play complex roles in female sexual function, with testosterone potentially improving sexual desire, arousal, and satisfaction. However, more research is needed to establish safe and effective hormone treatments for female sexual dysfunction.
1 citations
,
January 2021 21 citations
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December 1977 in “Journal of pediatric surgery” Individuals with male pseudohermaphroditism often do better raised as females with early surgery.
May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” Including androgens in hormone therapy may lower breast cancer risk.
January 2016 in “Dermatology Online Journal” Hormonal therapy changes skin and hair in transgender patients, who need better researched dermatologic care.
1 citations
,
March 2005 in “Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie” A postmenopausal woman had high testosterone from her right adrenal gland, leading to recommended surgery.
23 citations
,
August 2005 in “Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy” New treatments for low male hormones improved sexual function and mood but had unclear risks, especially for older men.
Bilateral Orchiectomy effectively reduces the need for anti-androgen medication in most transgender females.
5 citations
,
September 2022 in “Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine” Facial feminization surgery helps make facial features more feminine, improving patient satisfaction and safety.
The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.
34 citations
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October 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hormone treatments can help with women's skin and hair disorders, but they need careful monitoring and more research.
October 2025 in “Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales” Alopecia in transgender individuals on hormone therapy can worsen emotional distress and affect self-esteem.
46 citations
,
December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
June 2024 in “Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Balancing hormones is crucial for women's health and may require hormone therapy.
22 citations
,
January 2001 in “Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Some new progesterone derivatives are better at blocking testosterone conversion than a common drug.
January 2021 in “Open MIND” Hormone therapy in transgender people requires careful monitoring due to potential health risks and lack of standardized test values.
8 citations
,
April 2022 in “Trends in cancer” Hormone therapy affects cancer risks in transgender individuals differently than in cisgender people, and more research is needed to understand these risks and improve cancer screening guidelines.
May 2025 in “Anatolian journal of obstetrics and gynecology research.” Androgens affect many aspects of female health, and more research is needed to understand their roles and treatment potential.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Goserelin injections can effectively manage hyperandrogenism symptoms in postmenopausal women who can't have surgery.