15 citations
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February 2013 in “Pharmaceutical nanotechnology” Finasteride delivery through skin improved using invasomes and iontophoresis.
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January 2002 in “Journal of drug targeting” Drugs penetrate scalp skin better than abdominal skin, with scalp hair follicles aiding in higher drug delivery.
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January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Nanoparticles don't penetrate intact skin but can enter through pores or damaged skin.
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October 2024 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” A 4% nanoparticle concentration and 4 Hz massage improve drug delivery into hair follicles.
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July 2010 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery” The document concludes that there is no agreed-upon best method for measuring drug delivery within hair follicles and more research is needed to validate current techniques.
October 2024 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The finasteride patch effectively treats hair loss by enhancing skin absorption.
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September 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Properly formulated large molecules can reach active levels at the hair bulb.
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April 2016 in “Research and reports in transdermal drug delivery” Transfollicular drug delivery is promising but needs more research to improve and understand it better.
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January 2014 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Ethanol pretreatment affects drug penetration through skin and hair follicles.
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November 1984 in “Journal of Colloid and Interface Science” The study found that the Marangoni effect causes the uneven wetting of surfactant-coated hair due to the surfactant moving into the water.
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January 2007 Porcine skin is a good substitute for human skin in drug diffusion tests.
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January 2018 in “Biomolecules & therapeutics” Polyamidoamine dendrimers can change the strength and direction of electroosmotic flow through the skin, affecting drug delivery.
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December 2007 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles significantly increase the speed and amount of caffeine absorbed through the skin.
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January 2004 in “Zhōnghuá yàoxué zázhì” Ethosomes improve skin absorption of finasteride more than other methods.
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August 2020 in “Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Rubbing increases drug absorption through hair follicles.
January 2009 in “The Chinese Journal of Modern Applied Pharmacy” The Potts-Guy model best predicts skin permeability for the tested drugs.
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December 2011 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Ultrasound increases skin permeability but blocks hair follicles.
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December 2001 in “PubMed” The conclusion is that substances can penetrate hair fibers through multiple pathways, including both the cell membrane complex and the non-keratinous parts.
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February 1998 in “Journal of Anatomy” Fibre optic confocal imaging can visualize skin layers, blood vessels, and nerves in live mice.
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May 2006 in “Laser Physics” Particles similar in size to hair cells penetrate hair follicles better.
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January 2015 in “Springer eBooks” Using hair follicles can improve skin drug delivery.
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July 1998 in “PubMed” Fentanyl accumulates differently in hair from internal use compared to external exposure.
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September 2013 in “BMC Biophysics” Keratin filaments' elasticity is influenced by their terminal domains and surrounding medium.
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July 2015 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Lipid nanoparticles can help deliver drugs through hair follicles but struggle to penetrate deeper skin layers.
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January 2022 in “Frontiers in Chemistry” The patch speeds up deep wound healing.
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November 2012 in “Pharmaceutical research” Fractional CO2 laser treatment significantly boosts drug and nanoparticle skin absorption, especially through hair follicles.
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January 1997 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Hairless rats absorb substances through their skin more easily than hairy rats.
July 2020 in “CRS 2020 Virtual Annual Meeting” Researchers developed a new skin patch that delivers more finasteride into the skin, potentially improving treatment for hair loss and prostate issues.
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September 2017 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” Different factors affect where drugs are absorbed in the small intestine, which is important for effective medication use.
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July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.