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GlossaryForkhead Box N1

gene crucial for thymus development and hair follicle regulation

Forkhead Box N1 (Foxn1) is a gene that plays a crucial role in the development and function of the thymus, an organ important for the immune system, and in the regulation of skin and hair follicle development. Mutations in the Foxn1 gene can lead to conditions such as nude mice, which lack hair and have an underdeveloped thymus, highlighting its importance in both immune function and hair growth.

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research Patients with Compound Heterozygous Mutations in Forkhead Box N1 have a Severe Immunodeficiency while Maintaining Normal Skin and Hair Development

May 2017 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

Patients with certain FoxN1 gene mutations have severe immune issues but normal skin and hair.

research Compound Heterozygous Mutations in Forkhead Box N1 (FOXN1) Lead to a Severe Immunodeficiency but Normal Hair and Nail Development in Patients

May 2018 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

Mutations in the FOXN1 gene cause severe immune issues but don't affect hair and nails.

research FOXN1: A Master Regulator Gene of Thymic Epithelial Development Program

69 citations , January 2013 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

The FOXN1 gene is crucial for developing immune cells and preventing immune disorders.

research Regulatory mutations in TBX3 disrupt asymmetric hair pigmentation that underlies Dun camouflage color in horses

73 citations , December 2015 in “Nature Genetics”

Mutations in TBX3 cause horses to have more even hair color instead of Dun camouflage.

research SNP variation in male pattern hair loss in Russians with different dihydrotestosterone levels

3 citations , December 2018 in “Meta Gene”

Certain gene variations increase male hair loss risk, influenced by hormone levels.

Epstein-Barr Virus Associated with High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma in Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

research Epstein-Barr virus associated with high-grade B-cell lymphoma in nude severe combined immunodeficiency

3 citations , May 2019 in “BMJ case reports”

A boy with severe immune deficiency and Epstein-Barr virus died from high-grade B-cell lymphoma.

Human FOXN1 Deficiency Is Associated with Alpha Beta Double-Negative and FoxP3 Positive T-Cell Expansions That Are Distinctly Modulated upon Thymic Transplantation

research Human FOXN1-Deficiency Is Associated with αβ Double-Negative and FoxP3+ T-Cell Expansions That Are Distinctly Modulated upon Thymic Transplantation

32 citations , May 2012 in “PloS one”

Thymic transplantation normalized some T-cells but not others, maintaining immune function.

research FOXN1 Italian founder mutation in Indian family: Implications in prenatal diagnosis

17 citations , June 2017 in “Gene”

A rare genetic mutation found in an Indian family can be detected through prenatal screening.

Taking Advantage of Phenotype Variability in a Local Animal Genetic Resource: Identification of Genomic Regions Associated with the Hairless Phenotype in Casertana Pigs

research Taking advantage from phenotype variability in a local animal genetic resource: identification of genomic regions associated with the hairless phenotype in Casertana pigs

16 citations , April 2018 in “Animal Genetics”

Researchers found two genes that may explain why some Casertana pigs don't have hair.

research Alymphoid cystic thymic dysgenesis - FOXN1 gene mutation: a rare case report of two siblings

November 2020 in “International journal of contemporary pediatrics”

Two siblings had a rare immune disorder caused by a FOXN1 gene mutation.

research Expanding the Nude SCID/CID Phenotype Associated with FOXN1 Homozygous, Compound Heterozygous, or Heterozygous Mutations

30 citations , January 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

FOXN1 mutations can cause varying immune and physical issues, with severity influenced by gene activity and possibly other factors.

research A Mixture of Tocopherol Acetate and L-Menthol Synergistically Promotes Hair Growth in C57BL/6 Mice

7 citations , December 2020 in “Pharmaceutics”

A mix of tocopherol acetate and L-menthol helps grow hair better than using them separately or using minoxidil.

research Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17/TH22 skewing

176 citations , August 2015 in “The journal of allergy and clinical immunology/Journal of allergy and clinical immunology/The journal of allergy and clinical immunology”

Alopecia areata involves immune activation in the scalp, suggesting treatments targeting TH1, TH2, and IL-23 pathways.

research Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Fetal Skin Reveals Key Genes Related to Hair Follicle Morphogenesis in Cashmere Goats

127 citations , March 2016 in “PLoS ONE”

Key genes and pathways crucial for hair follicle development in cashmere goats were identified, aiding fleece production improvement.

Mutant Laboratory Mice With Abnormalities in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis, Cycling, and Structure: Annotated Tables

research Mutant laboratory mice with abnormalities in hair follicle morphogenesis, cycling, and/or structure: annotated tables

86 citations , December 2001 in “Experimental dermatology”

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

Mutant Laboratory Mice With Abnormalities in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis, Cycling, and Structure: An Update

research Mutant laboratory mice with abnormalities in hair follicle morphogenesis, cycling, and/or structure: An update

52 citations , October 2012 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

The document concludes that mouse models are crucial for studying hair biology and that all mutant mice may have hair growth abnormalities that require detailed analysis to identify.

research To grow or not to grow: Hair morphogenesis and human genetic hair disorders

43 citations , December 2013 in “Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology”

Genetic mutations can cause hair growth disorders by affecting key genes and signaling pathways.

research FOXN1 deficient nude severe combined immunodeficiency

32 citations , January 2017 in “Orphanet journal of rare diseases”

FOXN1 gene mutations cause a rare, severe immune disease treatable with cell or tissue transplants.

research Expression Profiling and Cellular Localization of Genes Associated with the Hair Cycle Induced by Wax Depilation

27 citations , August 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Researchers found new genes involved in hair growth, which could help develop new hair treatments.

Morphogenesis and Maintenance of the 3D Thymic Medulla and Prevention of Nude Skin Phenotype Require FoxN1 in Pre- and Post-Natal K14 Epithelium

research Morphogenesis and maintenance of the 3D thymic medulla and prevention of nude skin phenotype require FoxN1 in pre- and post-natal K14 epithelium

21 citations , November 2010 in “Journal of molecular medicine”

FoxN1 gene is essential for proper thymus structure and preventing hair loss.

research Effect of Nutritional Restriction on the Hair Follicles Development and Skin Transcriptome of Chinese Merino Sheep

19 citations , June 2020 in “Animals”

Poor maternal nutrition can lead to fewer wool follicles in Chinese Merino sheep.

research Hair in health and disease: an introduction

3 citations , January 2012 in “Wageningen Academic Publishers eBooks”

Hair health depends on various factors and hair loss can significantly affect a person's well-being; understanding hair biology is key for creating effective hair care treatments.

research Current Genetics in Hair Diseases

1 citations , February 2013 in “InTech eBooks”

Genetic mutations cause various hair diseases, and whole genome sequencing may reveal more about these conditions.

research Embryologic layers in dermatology: Developmental checkpoint disorders, diagnostic insight, and regenerative futures

December 2025 in “Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology”

Understanding embryologic layers improves skin disorder diagnosis and supports developing targeted therapies.

research Perspectives of Alopecia behind the Regulation of Foxn1 Gene Exposes the Human Nude Phenotype

October 2018 in “InTech eBooks”

The gene Foxn1 is important for hair growth, and understanding it may lead to new alopecia treatments.

Alopecia Areata Susceptibility Variant Identified by MHC Risk Haplotype Sequencing Reproduces Symptomatic Patched Hair Loss in Mice

research Alopecia areata susceptibility variant identified by MHC risk haplotype sequencing reproduces symptomatic patched hair loss in mice

April 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A gene variant causes patched hair loss in mice, similar to alopecia areata in humans.

A Study of the Androgen Receptor Gene Polymorphism and the Level of Expression of the Androgen Receptor in Androgenetic Alopecia Among Egyptians

research A Study of the androgen receptor gene polymorphism and the level of expression of the androgen receptor in androgenetic alopecia among Egyptians

January 2009 in “Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics”

The study suggests that a specific gene variation and higher gene activity are linked to increased baldness in Egyptian men.

research Developing stratified epithelia: lessons from the epidermis and thymus

27 citations , August 2014 in “Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology”

The skin and thymus develop similarly to protect and support immunity.

research Mouse Hair Cycle Expression Dynamics Modeled as Coupled Mesenchymal and Epithelial Oscillators

12 citations , November 2014 in “PLOS Computational Biology”

The study concluded that hair growth in mice is regulated by a stable interaction between skin cell types, and disrupting this can cause hair loss.

research Highly Upregulated Lhx2 in the Foxn1−/− Nude Mouse Phenotype Reflects a Dysregulated and Expanded Epidermal Stem Cell Niche

6 citations , May 2013 in “PloS one”

The Foxn1(-/-) nude mouse shows disrupted and expanded skin stem cell areas due to high Lhx2 levels.