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GlossaryForkhead box P3

protein essential for regulatory T cell function and immune balance

Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) is a protein crucial for the normal function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which help maintain immune system balance and prevent autoimmune diseases. Mutations in the Foxp3 gene can lead to severe autoimmune conditions, such as IPEX syndrome (Immune dysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy, Enteropathy, X-linked syndrome).

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research Case Series: Gene Expression Analysis in Canine Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada/Uveodermatologic Syndrome and Vitiligo Reveals Conserved Immunopathogenesis Pathways Between Dog and Human Autoimmune Pigmentary Disorders

20 citations , December 2020 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

The immune processes causing VKH and vitiligo are similar in dogs and humans.

research Factors regulating quiescent stem cells: insights from the intestine and other self-renewing tissues

8 citations , December 2015 in “The Journal of Physiology”

The document concludes that stem cell inactivity is actively controlled and important for tissue repair and balance.

research Consequences of steroid-5α-reductase deficiency and inhibition in vertebrates

21 citations , January 2020 in “General and Comparative Endocrinology”

Lack or blocking of SRD5a, a key component in hormone creation, can lead to conditions like pseudohermaphrodism and affect hair growth, bone mass, muscle strength, and reproductive health. More research is needed on its regulation from fertilization to adulthood.

research Regulatory T Cells: the Many Faces of Foxp3

125 citations , September 2019 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

Foxp3 is crucial for regulatory T cell function, and targeting these cells may help treat immune disorders.

research Candidate genes of SARS-CoV-2 gender susceptibility

27 citations , November 2021 in “Scientific Reports”

Men are more affected by COVID-19 due to differences in immune responses and protein expression.

research Mechanisms of tolerance and potential therapeutic interventions in Alopecia Areata

12 citations , May 2017 in “Pharmacology & therapeutics”

Targeting immune tolerance issues in Alopecia Areata could restore hair growth and maintain remission.

research Tregs: Where We Are and What Comes Next?

130 citations , November 2017 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

The conclusion is that Treg-targeted therapies have potential, but more knowledge of Treg biology is needed for effective treatments, including for cancer.

research Tissue resident and follicular Treg cell differentiation is regulated by CRAC channels

40 citations , March 2019 in “Nature Communications”

CRAC channels are crucial for the development and function of specialized immune cells, preventing severe inflammation and autoimmune diseases.

Human FOXN1 Deficiency Is Associated with Alpha Beta Double-Negative and FoxP3 Positive T-Cell Expansions That Are Distinctly Modulated upon Thymic Transplantation

research Human FOXN1-Deficiency Is Associated with αβ Double-Negative and FoxP3+ T-Cell Expansions That Are Distinctly Modulated upon Thymic Transplantation

32 citations , May 2012 in “PloS one”

Thymic transplantation normalized some T-cells but not others, maintaining immune function.

research Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in tissue injury: roles in pathology and therapeutic opportunities for regeneration

94 citations , June 2016 in “The FASEB Journal”

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway helps tissue regeneration but can also cause fibrosis, and drugs that inhibit this pathway may aid in healing skin and heart tissues.

research Expanding the Nude SCID/CID Phenotype Associated with FOXN1 Homozygous, Compound Heterozygous, or Heterozygous Mutations

30 citations , January 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Immunology”

FOXN1 mutations can cause varying immune and physical issues, with severity influenced by gene activity and possibly other factors.

research Exploring pericyte and cardiac stem cell secretome unveils new tactics for drug discovery

26 citations , December 2016 in “Pharmacology & Therapeutics”

New drugs for heart disease may be developed from molecules secreted by stem cells.

research Knockdown of FOXA2 Impairs Hair-Inductive Activity of Cultured Human Follicular Keratinocytes

5 citations , October 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

Reducing FOXA2 in skin cells lowers their ability to grow hair.

research Molecular mechanisms of viral oncogenesis in humans

141 citations , August 2018 in “Nature Reviews Microbiology”

Some viruses can cause cancer by changing cell processes and avoiding the immune system; vaccines and targeted treatments help reduce these cancers.

research Small molecules and small molecule drugs in regenerative medicine

51 citations , November 2013 in “Drug Discovery Today”

Small molecule drugs show promise for advancing regenerative medicine but still face development challenges.

research Clinical perspectives on the age-related increase of immunosuppressive activity

55 citations , April 2022 in “Journal of Molecular Medicine”

Aging and chronic inflammation weaken the immune system, increasing cancer and infection risks.

research Role of genetics and sex steroid hormones in male androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss: An update of what we now know

87 citations , March 2011 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

Genetics and hormones play a role in male and female hair loss, but more research is needed to fully understand it.

research A position effect on TRPS1 is associated with Ambras syndrome in humans and the Koala phenotype in mice

60 citations , August 2008 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics”

A position effect on the TRPS1 gene causes excessive hair growth in humans and mice.

research Regulatory T-Cells: Potential Regulator of Tissue Repair and Regeneration

188 citations , March 2018 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Regulatory T-cells are important for healing and regenerating tissues in various organs by controlling immune responses and aiding stem cells.

research Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: Regenerative Potency in Periodontium

138 citations , June 2019 in “Stem Cells and Development”

Periodontal ligament stem cells show promise for regrowing tissues but require more research for safe, effective use.

research Foxp3 Post-translational Modifications and Treg Suppressive Activity

82 citations , October 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

Changes to the Foxp3 protein affect how well regulatory T cells can control the immune system, which could help treat immune diseases and cancer.

T Helper 17 Cell/Regulatory T-Cell Imbalance in Hidradenitis Suppurativa/Acne Inversa: The Link to Hair Follicle Dissection, Obesity, Smoking, and Autoimmune Comorbidities

research T helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell imbalance in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: the link to hair follicle dissection, obesity, smoking and autoimmune comorbidities

66 citations , March 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

An imbalance between certain immune cells is linked to a chronic skin condition and may be influenced by obesity, smoking, and autoimmune issues.

An Assessment on the Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender-Specific Manner

research An Assessment on Impact of COVID-19 Infection in a Gender Specific Manner

59 citations , October 2020 in “Stem Cell Reviews and Reports”

Men have higher COVID-19 mortality rates than women due to biological and lifestyle factors.

research The Effects of Androgens on T Cells: Clues to Female Predominance in Autoimmune Liver Diseases?

34 citations , July 2020 in “Frontiers in immunology”

Androgens may influence T cells, contributing to higher autoimmune liver disease risk in women.

research The promise and challenges of cell therapy for psoriasis*

15 citations , May 2021 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Cell therapy shows promise for treating severe psoriasis but needs more research to confirm safety and effectiveness.

Locally Delivered Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Chronic Inflammation in Long-Term Nonhealing Wounds: A Randomized Study

research Locally Delivered Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Chronic Inflammation in Long-Term Nonhealing Wounds: A Randomized Study

14 citations , February 2020 in “Stem Cells International”

Umbilical cord cells safely improve healing in long-term nonhealing wounds better than a placebo.

research T-Regulating Hair Follicle Stem Cells

14 citations , June 2017 in “Immunity”

Special immune cells called Treg cells are important for maintaining and regenerating hair by activating a specific growth signal in hair stem cells.