January 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Acupuncture reduces anxiety and depression in women with PCOS.
1265 citations
,
October 2013 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” The guideline suggests using specific criteria to diagnose PCOS, recommends various treatments for its symptoms, and advises screening for related health issues.
10 citations
,
October 2014 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” The IRS-2 Asp/Asp genotype may increase the risk of PCOS in Chinese women, especially if they are not obese.
491 citations
,
July 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Polycystic ovary syndrome is found in 6.5% of unselected Caucasian women in Spain.
298 citations
,
July 2000 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” About 6.5% of young Caucasian women in Spain have polycystic ovary syndrome.
90 citations
,
January 2021 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Obesity increases the risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome, and weight loss can improve the condition.
59 citations
,
February 2021 in “BMJ” High doses of cyproterone acetate increase the risk of brain tumors in women, but the risk decreases after stopping the medication.
21 citations
,
November 2017 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Higher enzyme levels found in women with hair loss, suggesting hormone imbalance.
14 citations
,
December 2017 in “Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism” Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have a higher risk of certain fractures.
11 citations
,
April 2017 in “The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care” Cyproterone acetate with ethinyl estradiol is effective for treating skin symptoms related to high androgen levels, like in PCOS.
8 citations
,
March 2012 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone have similar effects on body composition and metabolic health in men.
11 citations
,
January 2024 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol, especially in a 40:1 ratio, effectively treat PCOS by improving insulin sensitivity and ovulation.
April 2023 in “Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine” The document concludes that inflammation markers can be used in diabetes, vitamin D3 affects immune pathways, hyperthyroidism changes hormone levels, androgen levels help diagnose Adrenocortical Carcinoma, erectile dysfunction is linked to diabetes, hypogonadism is common in HIV-infected males, and hormones can be biomarkers for various conditions.
3 citations
,
August 2020 in “Nutrition Journal” Spinach-derived thylakoid supplements plus a low-calorie diet helped obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome lose weight and improve their metabolism.
April 2007 in “9th European Congress of Endocrinology” Finasteride, a hair loss medication, was found to be safe and effective in improving hair quality and stopping hair loss in men with early-onset baldness.
1 citations
,
August 2025 in “European journal of medical research” Subclinical hypothyroidism in women with PCOS affects thyroid and hormone interactions but not ovary structure.
46 citations
,
August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
46 citations
,
December 1992 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Affected males are born with ambiguous genitalia, raised as females, but develop male traits at puberty due to enzyme deficiency.
91 citations
,
July 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Different PCOS characteristics affect lipid profiles, increasing cardiovascular disease risk, so regular lipid screening is advised.
8 citations
,
January 2024 in “Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences” Women with PCOS have lower zinc levels.
November 2023 in “Brain Sciences” Some medications might contribute to male infertility, with finasteride showing a high number of reports.
59 citations
,
September 2003 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Epitestosterone may counteract testosterone's effects and has roles in body processes like prostate growth and hair distribution.
3 citations
,
August 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Women with PCOS have higher levels of thyroid autoantibodies.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Genetics” A rare gene variant causes sexual development issues in siblings, needing personalized treatment.
September 2023 in “Fides et Ratio” The safety and effectiveness of gender-affirming treatments for children are uncertain, with potential long-term risks like infertility.
60 citations
,
September 2001 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Insulin resistance contributes to hormone imbalances in many women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Men with androgenetic alopecia may have higher triglycerides, suggesting a link to lipid metabolism.
88 citations
,
May 2012 in “Human Reproduction Update” Women with PCOS may take longer to get pregnant but can have a normal family size, and should manage their overall health to reduce long-term health risks.
40 citations
,
April 1999 in “Drugs” Finasteride treats enlarged prostate, improves urinary flow, but may cause sexual side effects.
42 citations
,
July 2017 in “Scientific Reports” Women with PCOS are more likely to have insulin resistance and obesity, especially those with the most severe type I PCOS.