October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Early physical exams are crucial for timely Klinefelter syndrome diagnosis.
173 citations
,
May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Oestrogens are key for bone growth during puberty in both boys and girls.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
July 2020 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Higher BMI, IGF-1, and DHEAS levels are linked to advanced bone age in young Chinese girls with early breast development.
June 2011 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Estrogens and androgens are crucial for male fertility.
September 2019 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Micro-CT helps identify suitable areas for surgical procedures based on blood vessel distribution in hypospadias-affected rats.
December 2022 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results” Late onset of first period and irregular development of sexual traits in teenage girls can lead to poorer reproductive health.
October 2022 in “Medical Clinical Update Journal” Early diagnosis and treatment with Leuprolide are key for children with precocious puberty.
54 citations
,
November 1995 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Females with 5 alpha-reductase-2 deficiency have less body hair, no acne, normal fertility, and delayed menarche.
1 citations
,
January 2017 in “Tohoku journal of experimental medicine” A woman's mature cystic teratoma caused her virilization by producing testosterone.
November 2012 in “Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes” A new genetic mutation causes severe Leydig cell hypoplasia, affecting sexual development.
6 citations
,
May 2021 in “JAMA network open” Babies who gain weight quickly, especially in the first 3 months, may start puberty earlier.
67 citations
,
April 1988 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” A subtle androgen receptor abnormality can allow normal male development and sometimes fertility despite partial androgen resistance.
11 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism” Adolescents and young adults with Prader-Willi syndrome show a range of sexual interests and behaviors.
53 citations
,
January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
October 2019 in “Research Square (Research Square)” The junction of the inner and outer prepuce with good blood flow is best for vascular pedicle flaps.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Genetics” A rare gene variant causes sexual development issues in siblings, needing personalized treatment.
January 2023 in “Pediatrics International” Non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be missed in newborn screenings and should be considered in cases of early puberty or virilization.
April 2025 in “International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research” A rare ovarian tumor caused early puberty in a 3-year-old girl.
Careful diagnosis is crucial for premature pubarche, as 20% of cases have other conditions.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
2 citations
,
October 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.
1 citations
,
October 2022 in “Curēus” Diagnosing simple-virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia can be difficult and requires thorough testing and expert advice.
5 citations
,
December 2018 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Differences in androgen receptor expression and tissue properties may lead to higher cryptorchidism risk in certain rats.
27 citations
,
February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.
53 citations
,
January 2006 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Reduced AR gene methylation may cause early pubic hair growth in girls.
January 2011 in “InTech eBooks” Pesticide exposure may increase the risk of hypospadias in males.
46 citations
,
August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
1 citations
,
November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
26 citations
,
March 1981 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Oestrogen does not affect adrenal androgen levels in children and adolescents.