6 citations
,
February 2013 in “Medical Oncology” Certain genetic variants increase the risk of resistance to hormone therapy in prostate cancer patients.
3 citations
,
February 2024 in “Wound Repair and Regeneration” Keloids on the penis are rare, often triggered by circumcision, and rarely recur after surgery.
157 citations
,
May 2016 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery/PSEF CD journals” Facial feminization surgery is safe and patients are satisfied, but more detailed research is needed.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Leydig cell tumors can cause high testosterone and symptoms in postmenopausal women, and removing them improves symptoms.
23 citations
,
June 1945 in “Annals of Internal Medicine” Hirsutism in females is complex, often linked to tumors, and requires more research for better treatment.
August 2020 in “Nigerian journal of paediatrics” A 24-month-old Nigerian girl developed early puberty with no family history, needing treatment her family couldn't afford.
2 citations
,
November 2016 in “Current sexual health reports” Over-the-counter products can help with menopause symptoms, but be aware of their ingredients.
February 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Too much male hormone in mothers can negatively affect the sexual behavior of both male and female baby mice.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The study found that imaging might miss small ovarian tumors causing high testosterone, and suggested using certain testosterone levels and treatment responses to identify these tumors.
3 citations
,
October 2024 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Potential androgen excess signs vary by demographics and health, needing inclusive evaluation.
June 2015 in “Obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive medicine” Hirsutism, excessive hair growth in women, is often caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome and is treated by targeting the cause, lifestyle changes, and medication.
October 2025 in “Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)” Hormone therapies improve mental health and quality of life for those with gender dysphoria.
1 citations
,
January 2018 in “Journal of Gynecologic Surgery” Removing both ovaries can treat increased testosterone and related symptoms in postmenopausal women with ovarian hyperthecosis.
11 citations
,
January 2019 in “Sexual Medicine” Younger transgender women have surgery earlier, are mostly attracted to men, and show more preoperative depression that improves after surgery compared to older transgender women.
The conclusion is that there's a link between high testosterone levels, insulin resistance, and certain skin conditions, regardless of obesity.
June 2025 in “V F Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology” A six-year-old girl has early signs of puberty, needs no treatment, but requires regular check-ups for future health risks.
5 citations
,
September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
10 citations
,
September 2007 in “Pediatrics in Review” Gynecomastia and premature thelarche often resolve naturally but need evaluation to rule out serious issues.
3 citations
,
March 2022 in “Transgender Health” More research is needed to improve lower body gender affirmation techniques.
67 citations
,
July 2006 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Androgens cause skin issues like acne and hair growth in women, often due to PCOS, and can be treated with medication and lifestyle changes.
7 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of clinical medicine research” Menopause causes significant changes in the vaginal introitus, but less so in the labia majora, which may lead to symptoms of vaginal atrophy.
September 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Hormone therapy in transgender and gender diverse individuals affects hair loss differently than in cisgender individuals.
May 2023 in “Journal of drugs in dermatology” Most transgender patients getting laser hair removal before gender-affirming surgery are already on hormone therapy, which might affect the hair removal process.
6 citations
,
January 2009 In PCOS, high male hormones cause hair growth, acne, and hair loss, affecting periods.
7 citations
,
April 1992 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology/The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology” Women with non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia have higher levels of certain steroids, which can be reduced by treatment.
7 citations
,
January 2011 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Most women with hyperandrogenism first show acne, and skin conditions like hirsutism and acanthosis nigricans are good indicators of the condition.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” The case highlights the complexity of diagnosing high testosterone in older women and the need for thorough testing.
September 2024 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Many transgender men on testosterone therapy experience hair loss.
June 2002 in “Current obstetrics and gynaecology/Current obstetrics & gynaecology” Hirsutism, excessive hair growth in women, often caused by high androgen levels and polycystic ovary syndrome, can be treated with medication and weight management.
2 citations
,
July 2023 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” Ovarian vein sampling can effectively locate ovarian tumors when imaging is unclear.