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March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
45 citations
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April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
5 citations
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January 2024 in “Reproductive Medicine and Biology” Androgen and Wnt signals are crucial for developing and functioning male genitalia and erectile tissues.
September 2021 in “Physiology News” Conditions affecting sex development show that sexual diversity is a natural part of human variation.
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July 2019 in “Nutrients” Low selenium intake may delay puberty in boys but not in girls.
22 citations
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March 2019 in “Environmental health” Higher fluoride levels may delay puberty in boys.
18 citations
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March 2004 in “The Journal of Urology” Hypospadiac rats showed abnormal genital development, useful for studying human hypospadias.
3 citations
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June 2017 in “Deep Blue (University of Michigan)” Early exposure to fluoride, lead, and certain nutrients affects puberty differently in boys and girls.
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August 2021 in “Pediatrics in review” DSDs are birth conditions causing unusual sex development, managed with personalized care and sometimes surgery, but still lack a standard treatment approach.
46 citations
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October 2012 in “Seminars in reproductive medicine” Genetic defects in androgen production are linked to male developmental disorders and are improving treatment understanding.
67 citations
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February 1997 in “Teratology” Finasteride, when given in high oral doses to pregnant monkeys, caused genital abnormalities in male fetuses, but not in female fetuses or those exposed to intravenous finasteride.
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March 2023 in “Chemosphere” Certain pesticides may delay sexual maturity in teenage boys.
53 citations
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January 1986 in “Endocrinology” Blocking a specific enzyme in male rat fetuses leads to the development of nipples and feminized genitalia.
51 citations
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August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
September 2020 in “Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing” A 10-year-old boy with abnormal genital development had surgery and tests to find the cause and plan treatment.
21 citations
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December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
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October 2022 in “Frontiers in genetics” Late diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia can greatly affect physical development, gender identity, and sexual health.
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November 1995 in “Postgraduate medical journal” A Saudi individual initially identified as a girl had a genetic disorder affecting gender development.
May 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” A new diagnostic tool for Vulvovaginal Lichen Planus is highly accurate, and updated treatments for various skin conditions, including melanoma and Hidradenitis Suppurativa, were discussed.
July 2021 in “Advances in laboratory medicine” Diagnosing sex development disorders requires combining medical history, physical exams, imaging, lab tests, and genetic data.
2 citations
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July 2022 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” A female dog with mixed male and female traits was treated successfully with surgery.
29 citations
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July 2011 in “Pediatrics in review” Accurate assessment of puberty using Tanner staging is crucial for identifying normal and abnormal development.
September 2022 in “Annals of medicine and surgery” Three siblings with a rare genetic condition had abnormal sexual development and chose different gender identities, needing surgery and therapy.
July 2001 in “APMIS. Acta pathologica, microbiologica et immunologica Scandinavica./APMIS” Male children's genital development issues can be caused by genetic mutations or environmental factors affecting hormone action.
November 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks” Gene mutations can cause problems in male genital development.
111 citations
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May 2001 in “Human reproduction update” Insufficient androgen action in male fetuses can cause genital development issues due to genetic mutations or environmental chemicals.
6 citations
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May 2020 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Lichen Sclerosus causes itching, pain, and potential complications in the genital area.
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” 5α-reductase-2 deficiency causes ambiguous genitalia at birth and affects male sexual development, but individuals often develop male characteristics at puberty.
10 citations
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February 2019 in “Toxicological Sciences” Finasteride exposure affects gene expression and anogenital distance in male rat fetuses.