5 citations
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January 2023 in “Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism” The statement offers guidance for hormone therapy and surgery to help gender-incongruent adults affirm a male identity.
26 citations
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October 2016 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Hormonal treatments can improve acne, but they come with potential side effects and risks.
4 citations
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December 2014 in “PubMed” Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.
31 citations
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September 2020 in “Clinical endocrinology” Some antiandrogens may lower testosterone better than others, but it's unclear which is best for feminization in transgender women; more research is needed.
9 citations
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May 2008 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” A woman's ovarian tumor causing high testosterone was successfully removed, and her symptoms improved.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A postmenopausal woman had rare symptoms due to a possible ovarian tumor, needing thorough evaluation.
1 citations
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November 2013 Men with low testosterone or breast growth should be checked for Cushing syndrome.
July 2022 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” July 2022 in “Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)” June 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research” Accurate diagnosis is crucial to distinguish between PCOS and rare ovarian tumors in teens with similar symptoms.
2 citations
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January 2003 in “Journal of Clinical Dermatology” 1 mg finasteride can cause reversible painful breast enlargement in men.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Ovarian steroid cell tumors can mimic adrenal hyperplasia, and surgery can normalize hormone levels.
14 citations
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February 1999 in “The BMJ” Cosmetic surgery is more popular and cost-effective, but outcomes depend on the surgeon's skill and all procedures have potential complications.
19 citations
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October 2012 in “Frontiers of Hormone Research” Lifestyle changes are the first step in treating infertility in PCOS, followed by medications like clomiphene and metformin, and then surgery if needed.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 31-year-old woman was diagnosed with Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome much later than usual, leading to a call for earlier detection and treatment guidelines.
7 citations
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September 1988 in “Baillière's clinical obstetrics and gynaecology” Cyproterone acetate is effective for treating hirsutism and acne in women by blocking androgens in the skin and also works as a contraceptive.
33 citations
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April 2015 in “Cochrane library” Some medicines can reduce excessive hair growth in women, but more research is needed to compare treatments and consider side effects.
September 2023 in “Al-Azhar International Medical Journal /Al-Azhar International Medical Journal” Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is safe and effective for treating obesity in children and teens.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
March 2021 in “Dermatological reviews” Hair transplant works well, but needs more research for better results.
10 citations
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May 1995 in “Journal of General Internal Medicine” Most women with excessive hair growth have PCOS; treatment varies and focuses on preventing new hair, with electrolysis as the only permanent removal method.
5 citations
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November 2001 in “PubMed” An 80-year-old woman's severe hair loss was caused by a hormone-secreting ovarian tumor.
2 citations
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February 2023 in “F&S Reports” Elagolix did not effectively treat polycystic ovary syndrome.
November 2018 in “Endocrine Abstracts” A woman's high testosterone levels were caused by a rare ovarian tumor, not the initially diagnosed condition.
1 citations
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October 2015 in “Journal of endocrinology and diabetes” Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and its causes can lead to effective treatments.
December 2025 in “International Journal of Research in Dermatology” A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for effectively managing hair loss linked to endocrine and gynecological disorders.
1 citations
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May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
April 2020 in “Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology” Laparoscopic ovarian drilling improves menstrual cycles, hormone levels, and pregnancy rates in women with PCOS.
October 2022 in “Hair Transplantation” Transgender patients use hair restoration surgery to match their hairline with their gender identity.
6 citations
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January 2010 in “Case Reports” A woman with high testosterone and an adrenal nodule had an ovarian tumor causing her symptoms, which improved after the tumor was removed.