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GlossaryHIV entry inhibitor

prevents HIV from entering and infecting immune cells

An HIV entry inhibitor is a type of antiretroviral drug that prevents the HIV virus from entering human immune cells, specifically CD4+ T cells. By blocking the virus's ability to fuse with the cell membrane, these inhibitors stop the infection process at an early stage, thereby reducing the viral load in the body and helping to manage HIV infection.

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STAT5 Activation in the Dermal Papilla Is Important for Hair Follicle Growth Phase Induction, Hair Follicle Regeneration, and Wound Healing

research 219 STAT5 activation in the dermal papilla is important for hair follicle growth phase induction, hair follicle regeneration and wound healing

1 citations , August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Activating STAT5 in the skin's dermal papilla is key for starting hair growth, regenerating hair follicles, and healing wounds.

research [Study of gonadal hormone drugs in blocking filovirus entry of cells in vitro].

5 citations , December 2015 in “PubMed”

Some gonadal hormone drugs can block filovirus entry into cells.

research Cepharanthine: a review of the antiviral potential of a Japanese-approved alopecia drug in COVID-19

70 citations , July 2020 in “Pharmacological Reports”

Cepharanthine, a Japanese hair loss drug, shows promise as a COVID-19 treatment but needs more testing.

Chemokine Receptor CCR5 as a Novel Target for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

research 218 Chemokine receptor CCR5 is the novel target for the treatment of alopecia areata

August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Blocking the CCR5 receptor may be a new way to treat hair loss from alopecia areata.

research Targeting host cell proteases as a potential treatment strategy to limit the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the respiratory tract

15 citations , December 2020 in “Pharmacology Research & Perspectives”

Blocking enzymes that help the virus enter cells could be a promising way to treat COVID-19.

research 264 CCR5 blockade shows prevention of alopecia areata development as well as improvement of alopecia areata

September 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Blocking CCR5 can prevent and improve hair loss in alopecia areata.

research Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 entry, inflammation and new therapeutics in human lung tissue cells

1 citations , January 2022 in “PLoS Pathogens”

A new method using human lung cells helps find drugs to block and reduce inflammation from SARS-CoV-2.

research Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 entry through the ACE2/TMPRSS2 pathway: a promising approach for uncovering early COVID-19 drug therapies

77 citations , July 2020 in “European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology”

Blocking the virus's entry into cells by targeting certain pathways could lead to early COVID-19 treatments.

research Abstracts

3 citations , May 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Young HS patients often have other physical and mental health issues, and research on HS covers a wide range of topics including genetics, triggers, treatments, and the need for more data.

research TMPRSS2: A Key Host Factor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Potential Therapeutic Target

4 citations , June 2025 in “Medeniyet Medical Journal”

TMPRSS2 is crucial for COVID-19 infection and is a potential target for treatment.

research Glutamate transporter Slc1a3 mediates inter‐niche stem cell activation during skin growth

34 citations , April 2018 in “EMBO journal”

The protein SLC1A3 is important for activating skin stem cells and is necessary for normal hair and skin growth in mice.

research Spironolactone and XPB: An Old Drug with a New Molecular Target

18 citations , May 2020 in “Biomolecules”

Spironolactone, a heart and liver drug, has new uses including cancer treatment, viral infection prevention, and skin condition improvement.

research Saying no to SARS-CoV-2: the potential of nitric oxide in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia

13 citations , September 2023 in “Medical Gas Research”

Nitric oxide may help treat COVID-19 pneumonia by fighting the virus and easing symptoms.

research Anticoronavirus Isoquinoline Alkaloids: Unraveling the Secrets of Their Structure–Activity Relationship

October 2025 in “Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses”

Certain alkaloids could help create new coronavirus drugs.

research Antiviral Drugs Screening for Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus

13 citations , September 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Five existing drugs may help fight Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus.

research Role of Endolysosomes in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pathogenesis: Implications for Potential Treatments

55 citations , October 2020 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

Targeting endolysosomes may help treat COVID-19.

research Perspective Chapter: Repurposing Natural Products to Target COVID-19 – Molecular Targets and New Avenues for Drug Discovery

1 citations , May 2022 in “IntechOpen eBooks”

Natural products might help treat COVID-19, but current drugs like hydroxychloroquine haven't worked.

Persistent Erectile Dysfunction in Men Exposed to 5α-Reductase Inhibitors, Finasteride, or Dutasteride

research Persistent erectile dysfunction in men exposed to the 5α-reductase inhibitors, finasteride, or dutasteride

50 citations , March 2017 in “PeerJ”

Using finasteride or dutasteride may cause long-lasting erectile dysfunction.

research Negative Impact of Testosterone Deficiency and 5α-Reductase Inhibitors Therapy on Metabolic and Sexual Function in Men

31 citations , January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology”

Low testosterone and 5α-reductase inhibitors can harm men's metabolic and sexual health; testosterone therapy may help, but discussing 5α-RIs' side effects is important.

Comparison Between HPLC and Immunoturbidimetry for Glycated Hemoglobin (A1c) Measurement as a Diagnostic Criterion for Diabetes Mellitus

research COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE HPLC E IMUNOTURBIDIMETRIA PARA DOSAGEM DE HEMOGLOBINA GLICADA (A1C) COMO CRITÉRIO DIAGNÓSTICO DE DIABETES MELLITUS

January 2023 in “Brazilian Journals Editora eBooks”

HPLC may detect prediabetes and diabetes earlier than Immunoturbidimetry because it shows higher A1c levels.

research Proteasome Inhibitors: An Expanding Army Attacking a Unique Target

474 citations , January 2012 in “Chemistry & biology”

Proteasome inhibitors are promising treatments for various cancers, autoimmune diseases, and other conditions.

research Repurposing of Drugs as Novel Influenza Inhibitors From Clinical Gene Expression Infection Signatures

42 citations , January 2019 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

A blood pressure drug, diltiazem, may also help treat influenza.

research The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells

50 citations , July 2021 in “Nature Communications”

The drug enzalutamide may reduce the ability of the virus causing COVID-19 to enter lung cells.

Biotransformation of Finasteride by Ocimum Sanctum L., and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Transformed Metabolites: Experimental and Computational Insights

research Biotransformation of Finasteride by Ocimum sanctum L., and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of transformed metabolites: Experimental and computational insights

3 citations , August 2014 in “Steroids”

Fermentation of Finasteride with Ocimum sanctum L. creates new metabolite that inhibits tyrosinase.

research Editor’s picks January 2021

January 2021 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

PrEP doesn't increase STI risk in high-risk men, anti-androgen drugs may lower ICU admission for male COVID-19 patients, a 3-point injection is better for crow's feet, and the 'Geriatric-8' tool could help assess frailty in older skin cancer patients.

research Identifying the Target Cells and Mechanisms of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection

133 citations , May 2016 in “Cell Host & Microbe”

Human dermal fibroblasts are the main cells targeted by a virus that can cause a deadly skin cancer, and a certain inhibitor can effectively block this infection.

research Cutaneous signals of immune system disease

May 1991 in “Current problems in dermatology”

Skin issues can indicate immune system problems.

research Sexual dimorphism of COVID-19 inspires drug repositioning and host-targeting immunotherapy for viral pneumonia

April 2026 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy”

Balancing testosterone may reduce COVID-19 severity.

research Alopecia areata: a review on diagnosis, immunological etiopathogenesis and treatment options

56 citations , January 2021 in “Clinical and Experimental Medicine”

The document concludes that while there are various treatments for Alopecia Areata, there is no cure, and individualized treatment plans are essential due to varying effectiveness.

research Finasteride for female androgenetic alopecia

51 citations , October 2002 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Finasteride increases hair density in female androgenetic alopecia, but individual results may vary.