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GlossaryHormone Receptors

specialized proteins that bind hormones to trigger cellular responses

Hormone receptors are specialized proteins located on the surface of or inside cells that bind to specific hormones. When a hormone attaches to its receptor, it triggers a response in the cell, such as altering gene expression or changing cell behavior. This interaction is crucial for regulating various bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, and mood.

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research Hormones and Hair Growth: Variations in Androgen Receptor Content of Dermal papilla Cells Cultured from Human and Red Deer (Cervus Elaphus) Hair Follicles.

34 citations , July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Human hair growth is influenced by androgen hormones, and red deer mane follicles have similar hormone receptors.

research Hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer: Impact of CDK4/6 inhibitors on the current treatment paradigm

4 citations , October 2018 in “Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology”

CDK4/6 inhibitors have improved treatment outcomes for certain advanced breast cancer patients.

Safety and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer Treated With CDK4/6 Inhibitors in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

research Safety and patient-reported outcomes in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in China: A cross-sectional study.

June 2024 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology”

Dalpiciclib is the safest and most satisfying CDK4/6 inhibitor for advanced breast cancer patients in China.

research Pubertal hormones increase hippocampal expression of α4βδ GABAA receptors

5 citations , February 2019 in “Neuroscience letters”

Hormones during puberty increase certain receptors in the brain, and this change is influenced by estrogen levels.

research The role of nuclear hormone receptors in cutaneous wound repair

68 citations , December 2014 in “Cell Biochemistry and Function”

Nuclear hormone receptors play a significant role in skin wound healing and could lead to better treatment methods.

research Association of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor gene ser680 asn (rs6166) polymorphism with polycystic ovarian syndrome

4 citations , January 2016 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology”

A certain genetic variation is linked to a higher risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

research Efficacy of metformin therapy in adolescent girls with androgen excess: relation to sex hormone–binding globulin and androgen receptor polymorphisms

15 citations , August 2010 in “Fertility and sterility”

Metformin works better for adolescent girls with PCOS who have certain genetic variations.

research Luteinizing Hormone and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Decrease Type 2 5α-Reductase and Androgen Receptor Protein Levels in Women’s Skin

13 citations , May 1998 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism”

LH and hCG reduce certain protein levels in women's skin.

research Thyroid hormone receptor β1 is expressed in the human hair follicle

111 citations , April 2000 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Thyroid hormone receptor β1 is found in human hair follicles and helps them survive.

Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors in Human Skin Appendages and Their Neoplasms

research Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors in Human Skin Appendage and its Neoplasms

59 citations , January 2005 in “Endocrine Journal”

Sex steroids influence skin appendage function and neoplasm development, with changes in AR and ERalpha in certain gland neoplasms.

research The Parathyroid Hormone Second Receptor PTH2R and its Ligand Tuberoinfundibular Peptide of 39 Residues TIP39 Regulate Intracellular Calcium and Influence Keratinocyte Differentiation

24 citations , March 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

TIP39 and PTH2R help control calcium levels and skin cell development.

research Impaired Hair Growth and Wound Healing in Mice Lacking Thyroid Hormone Receptors

24 citations , September 2014 in “PloS one”

Thyroid hormone receptors are essential for hair growth and wound healing.

Selected Variants of the Steroid-5-Alpha-Reductase Isoforms SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 and the Sex Steroid Hormone Receptors ESR1, ESR2, and PGR: No Association with Female Pattern Hair Loss Identified

research Selected variants of the steroid-5-alpha-reductase isoforms SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 and the sex steroid hormone receptors ESR1, ESR2 and PGR: No association with female pattern hair loss identified

18 citations , February 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology”

No link found between specific genes and female pattern hair loss.

research Thyroid Hormone Receptor Agonist Promotes Hair Growth in Mice

1 citations , February 2022 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

TDM10842, a thyroid hormone receptor activator, was found to effectively promote hair growth in mice.

Hair-Cycle-Dependent Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein and Its Type I Receptor: Evidence for Regulation at the Anagen to Catagen Transition

research Hair-Cycle-Dependent Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein and its Type I Receptor: Evidence for Regulation at the Anagen to Catagen Transition

52 citations , May 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Parathyroid hormone-related protein helps control hair growth phases in mice.

Three-Month Treatment With a Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist of Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Effects on Tissue Androgen Concentration, 5α-Reductase Activity and Androgen Receptor Content

research Three-Month Treatment With a Long-Acting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist of Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Effects on Tissue Androgen Concentration, 5α-Reductase Activity and Androgen Receptor Content*

82 citations , February 1989 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism”

A three-month treatment with a GnRH agonist significantly lowered androgen levels and 5α-reductase activity in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

research Detection of Functionally Active Melanocortin Receptors and Evidence for an Immunoregulatory Activity of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Human Dermal Papilla Cells

60 citations , August 2005 in “Endocrinology”

αMSH may help regulate immune responses in hair follicles and its disruption could lead to hair loss.

Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone and Estrogen Differentially Regulate Prolactin and Prolactin Receptor Expression in Female Human Skin and Hair Follicles In Vitro

research Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and oestrogen differentially regulate prolactin and prolactin receptor expression in female human skin and hair follicles in vitro

37 citations , March 2010 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

Oestrogen and thyrotropin-releasing hormone affect prolactin and its receptor in human skin and hair, suggesting new treatment options for related conditions.

Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein and the PTH Receptor Regulate Angiogenesis of the Skin

research Parathyroid Hormone Hormone-Related Protein and the PTH Receptor Regulate Angiogenesis of the Skin

33 citations , May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

PTHrP and its receptor can control blood vessel growth and hair development in mouse skin.

research Ovarian sex steroid receptors and sex hormones in androgenized rats

13 citations , August 2016 in “Reproduction”

High doses of nandrolone decanoate disrupt ovarian hormones and receptors in rats, with recovery only at lower doses and longer recovery times.

research A Topical Parathyroid Hormone/Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist Stimulates Hair Growth in Mice

26 citations , December 2006 in “Endocrinology”

A cream with a specific hormone blocker increases hair growth in mice.

research HaCaT keratinocytes express functional receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone

6 citations , May 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

Human skin cells can respond to thyroid-stimulating hormone, affecting hair and skin health.

research [G-proteins, receptor signal transduction, and growth hormone secretion].

March 1993 in “PubMed”

The document concludes that antiandrogenic drugs like cyproterone acetate and spironolactone are effective but not permanent treatments for skin-related androgenization in women.

research Vitamin D Receptor: New Assignments for an Already Busy Receptor

510 citations , August 2006 in “Endocrinology”

The vitamin D receptor is involved in multiple body functions beyond calcium regulation, including immune response and rapid reactions not related to gene activity.

research Sexual Hormones in Human Skin

305 citations , February 2007 in “Hormone and metabolic research”

Human skin makes sexual hormones that affect hair growth, skin health, and healing; too much can cause acne and hair loss, while treatments can manage these conditions.

research Hormone replacement therapy and the skin

138 citations , May 2000 in “Maturitas”

Estrogen replacement can improve skin health in menopausal women but doesn't reverse sun damage or prevent hair loss.

research Hormones and the pilosebaceous unit

97 citations , March 2009 in “Dermato-endocrinology”

Hormones significantly affect hair and oil gland function in the skin, and more research is needed on skin-related hormone disorders.

research Hormonal regulation in male androgenetic alopecia—Sex hormones and beyond: Evidence from recent genetic studies

15 citations , June 2020 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Hormones and genes affect hair growth and male baldness.

research Polyamine Oxidase Expression Is Downregulated by 17β-Estradiol via Estrogen Receptor 2 in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells

8 citations , July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

17β-estradiol lowers polyamine oxidase levels in breast cancer cells through estrogen receptor 2.

research Modulation of Androgen Receptor Transcriptional Activity

February 2009 in “RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)”

Androgen receptor activity is influenced by hormones, co-factors, modifications, and mutations.