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GlossaryHomeobox Genes

regulatory genes controlling body plan and organ development

Homeobox genes, often referred to as Hox genes, are a group of regulatory genes that play a crucial role in determining the body plan and the formation of tissues and organs during early embryonic development. They contain a specific DNA sequence called the homeobox, which encodes a protein domain (the homeodomain) that can bind to DNA and regulate the expression of other genes. This precise regulation ensures that body structures form in the correct locations.

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research Whole-genome resequencing to investigate the genetic diversity and the molecular basis underlying key economic traits in indigenous sheep breeds adapted to hypoxic environments

1 citations , July 2025 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science”

Tibetan sheep have specific genes for high-altitude adaptation and wool traits, aiding breeding strategies.

research Hoxc13 mutant mice lack external hair

245 citations , January 1998 in “Genes & Development”

Hoxc13 gene is essential for hair, nail, and papilla development.

research Gene expression patterns during palatal shelf fusion

August 2004 in “Journal of the American College of Surgeons”

Several genes, including Hox-7A, Stra6, and Lim-1, are involved in normal palate formation.

research Hox genes in development and beyond

83 citations , January 2023 in “Development”

Hox genes are crucial for development and tissue maintenance, affecting structures and functions throughout life.

research Epidermal Dysplasia and Abnormal Hair Follicles in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Homeobox Gene MSX-2

49 citations , August 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Overexpressing the MSX-2 gene in mice causes skin and hair growth issues.

Hox in the Niche Controls Hair Heterogeneity

research Hox in the Niche Controls Hairy-geneity

4 citations , October 2018 in “Cell Stem Cell”

Hox genes control hair growth patterns in mammals by regulating stem cell activity in the skin.

PBX Homeobox 1 Enhances Hair Follicle Mesenchymal Stem Cell Proliferation and Reprogramming Through Activation of the AKT/Glycogen Synthase Kinase Signaling Pathway and Suppression of Apoptosis

research PBX homeobox 1 enhances hair follicle mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and reprogramming through activation of the AKT/glycogen synthase kinase signaling pathway and suppression of apoptosis

26 citations , August 2019 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

PBX1 helps hair stem cells grow and change by turning on certain cell signals and preventing cell death, which may be useful for hair regrowth treatments.

research Seasonal Gene Expression Profile Responsible for Hair Follicle Development in Angora Goats

January 2023 in “Kafkas üniversitesi veteriner fakültesi dergisi/Kafkas üniversitesi veteriner fakültesi dergisi”

Seasonal changes affect gene activity linked to hair growth in Angora goats.

research Seasonal Gene Expression Profile Responsible for Hair Follicle Development in Angora goats

November 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Seasonal changes affect hair growth genes in Angora goats, possibly influencing mohair quality.

research SPECIFIC ECTODERMAL ENHANCERS CONTROL THE EXPRESSION OFHoxcGENES IN DEVELOPING MAMMALIAN INTEGUMENTS

June 2020 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

The HoxC gene cluster and its enhancers are essential for developing hair and nails in mammals.

research Distinct mechanisms underlie pattern formation in the skin and skin appendages

25 citations , September 2006 in “Birth Defects Research”

Different processes create patterns in skin and things like hair and feathers.

research Structure and expression of the ovine Hoxc-13 gene

12 citations , December 2003 in “Gene”

The ovine Hoxc-13 gene is crucial for hair formation and may have other skin functions.

research Malignant Melanoma and Its Stromal Nonimmune Microecosystem

10 citations , January 2012 in “Journal of Oncology”

The surrounding tissue plays a crucial role in the growth and spread of skin cancer.

research Gene expression profiling of intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber

106 citations , June 2009 in “BMC Genomics”

Sea cucumbers have unique genes that help them regenerate their intestines.

research Identification of differentially expressed genes affecting hair and cashmere growth in the Laiwu black goat by microarray

4 citations , September 2016 in “Molecular Medicine Reports”

Specific genes influence hair and cashmere growth in Laiwu black goats.

Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: A Case-Control Study Investigating Key Exposures and Gene Interactions

research Risk factors for prostate cancer: a case-control study investigating selected key exposures and their interactions with predisposition genes

December 2010 in “Jurnal Natural (Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Syiah Kuala University)”

Age, race, family history, and certain genetic factors increase prostate cancer risk.

research Expression of Wnt Genes in Echinaster Sepositus Arm Regeneration

2 citations , January 2018 in “International Journal of Biochemistry & Physiology”

Wnt genes help starfish regrow arms by aiding wound healing and cell development.

research Molecular Basis for Hair Loss in Mice Carrying a Novel Nonsense Mutation (Hr^rh-R) in the Hairless Gene (Hr)

10 citations , January 2010 in “Veterinary pathology”

A new mutation in the hairless gene causes hair loss and skin wrinkling in mice.

research Seasonal Gene Expression Profile Responsible For Hair Follicle Development In Angora Goats

2 citations , March 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)”

Seasonal changes affect gene activity linked to hair growth in Angora goats, influencing mohair quality.

research A preliminary study of differentially expressed genes in expanded skin and normal skin: implications for adult skin regeneration

16 citations , January 2011 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

The study found that expanded skin regenerates similarly to normal skin, with 77 genes playing a role in the process.

Integrative Skin Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes for Coat Color and Fiber Length in Four Chinese Goat Breeds (Capra hircus)

research Integrative skin phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses reveal candidate genes for coat color and fiber length in four Chinese goat breeds (<i>Capra hircus</i>)

January 2026 in “Animal Advances”

Genes linked to coat color and fiber length in Chinese goats were identified.

research The Color Blindness Disorders and the Role of Sex-Linked Genes

November 2025 in “Journal of Medicine and Health Technology”

No link between finger length ratios and color blindness was found.

research Maternal PPARγ protects nursing neonates by suppressing the production of inflammatory milk

102 citations , July 2007 in “Genes & Development”

A mother's PPARγ is crucial for preventing harmful milk that can cause inflammation and growth problems in babies.

research The inconsistent regulation of HOXC13 on different keratins and the regulation mechanism on HOXC13 in cashmere goat (Capra hircus)

17 citations , August 2018 in “BMC Genomics”

The HOXC13 gene affects different hair proteins in cashmere goats in varied ways and is controlled by a feedback loop and other factors.

research Clinical and molecular genetic studies in hereditary hair loss

August 2021

Researchers found a genetic link for hereditary hair loss but need more analysis to identify the exact gene.

Alopecia Areata Susceptibility Variant Identified by MHC Risk Haplotype Sequencing Reproduces Symptomatic Patched Hair Loss in Mice

research Alopecia areata susceptibility variant identified by MHC risk haplotype sequencing reproduces symptomatic patched hair loss in mice

April 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

A gene variant causes patched hair loss in mice, similar to alopecia areata in humans.

research The Role of Stromal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Wound Repair

295 citations , June 2009 in “Science”

Stromal stem cells may help heal wounds by becoming structural cells or affecting the immune system, but more research is needed to understand how.

research The HOXC13-controlled expression of early hair keratin genes in the human hair follicle does not involve TALE proteins MEIS and PREP as cofactors

18 citations , November 2005 in “Archives of Dermatological Research”

research HOXC13 Is Involved in the Regulation of Human Hair Keratin Gene Expression

132 citations , February 2002 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

HOXC13 is crucial for regulating hair keratin genes in hair follicles.

research Hox in hair growth and development

98 citations , April 2003 in “Die Naturwissenschaften”