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March 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology” A wide range of proteins are integrated into the skin's protective layer.
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August 2014 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Lipid-coated silica nanoparticles penetrate human skin more deeply than bare silica nanoparticles.
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May 1991 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Trichohyalin is also found in the outer layers of normal human skin.
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June 2009 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Minoxidil promotes hair growth by penetrating skin, with ethanol-containing formulas working best.
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March 2011 in “Journal of Lipid Research” A new, quick method was developed to analyze skin lipids, discovering a new ceramide subclass.
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January 1989 Four antibodies were developed to help study hair follicle cell differentiation.
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January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.
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January 1995 in “Birkhäuser Basel eBooks” Human hair growth and structure are influenced by keratin proteins, genes, melanin, and lipids.
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December 1989 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Human hair proteins have similar cysteine and glycine levels to skin proteins.
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October 2013 in “Journal of Human Evolution/Journal of human evolution” Forensic DNA Phenotyping can help predict physical traits from crime scene DNA to identify suspects.
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June 2016 in “Magnesium research” Hair follicles help magnesium get through the skin more effectively.
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January 2000 Terbinafine effectively stops fungal invasion of human keratin.
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April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
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May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
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March 2008 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Different factors like pH, gel type, and chemical enhancers affect how well hydrocortisone gets into hair follicles, and less hydrated skin doesn't work well with the test method.
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November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” External agents penetrate skin more easily in areas with fewer lipids, especially through hair follicles.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Resveratrol activates the Nrf2 pathway in human skin, significantly increasing the production and distribution of the antioxidant glutathione.
January 2018 in “Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University)” EpiLife® media and younger donor age improve artificial skin model quality.
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April 1996 in “Archives of dermatological research” Topical tacalcitol can treat psoriasis by acting directly on skin cells.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” TEDAR is crucial for skin cell differentiation and barrier formation.
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June 2007 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” The conclusion is that measuring how drugs partition into artificial sebum is important for predicting their delivery into hair and sebaceous follicles, and it provides better information than traditional methods.
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January 2024 in “Fermentation” The new placenta-derived liquid improves skin moisture better than traditional extracts.
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April 2007 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” The microemulsion delivered the dye deeper into the skin than the cream.
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September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.
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January 2007 Porcine skin is a good substitute for human skin in drug diffusion tests.
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November 2012 in “PLoS ONE” A gene mutation in mice causes severe skin disorder similar to a human condition.
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December 2011 in “International journal of pharmaceutics” Ultrasound increases skin permeability but blocks hair follicles.
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April 2024 in “Particle and Fibre Toxicology” Nanoplastics can penetrate skin cells, triggering inflammation and immune responses.
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June 1992 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Interleukin 6 may help protect skin without causing inflammation.