February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
May 2025 in “International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology” Ovarian tumors should be considered when postmenopausal women show signs of virilization.
158 citations
,
June 2017 in “Maturitas” Estrogen helps improve skin aging and healing, especially in post-menopausal women.
9 citations
,
May 2008 in “Journal of Clinical Oncology” A woman's ovarian tumor causing high testosterone was successfully removed, and her symptoms improved.
30 citations
,
May 2015 in “Current Cardiology Reviews” Lower testosterone increases heart disease risk; higher estradiol increases risk in women.
2 citations
,
January 2020 in “Clinical Dermatology Review” Idiopathic hirsutism is the most common cause of hirsutism in women, followed by PCOS.
49 citations
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September 2012 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” The document concludes with guidance for doctors on diagnosing and treating hirsutism effectively and safely.
2 citations
,
January 1989 in “PubMed” Hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia may cause hair loss in women.
22 citations
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January 2019 in “Hormone and Metabolic Research” Measuring certain hormones can help predict metabolic risk in women with PCOS.
10 citations
,
September 2007 in “Pediatrics in Review” Gynecomastia and premature thelarche often resolve naturally but need evaluation to rule out serious issues.
11 citations
,
July 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” β-estradiol slows hair growth in mice.
8 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.
58 citations
,
February 2018 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Estrogen helps keep skin healthy and may make women look younger and more attractive.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Early physical exams are crucial for timely Klinefelter syndrome diagnosis.
39 citations
,
November 1978 in “Annals of internal medicine” Spironolactone may help reduce excessive hair growth in women with high male hormone levels.
13 citations
,
June 2006 in “Pituitary” A woman with acromegaloidism and normal growth hormone levels had a rare X-Tetrasomy, suggesting a need to study X-chromosome genes for their role in growth and facial development.
April 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” PFS affects some women, steroids easily bought online, hypogonadism info unreliable, low testosterone linked to CVD.
66 citations
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March 1998 in “Mayo Clinic Proceedings” Removing a testosterone-producing tumor cured a woman's sleep apnea and other symptoms.
37 citations
,
May 2018 in “Transgender health” Oral estradiol works for many transgender women but needs personalized dosing and monitoring.
8 citations
,
April 1991 in “European journal of endocrinology” 3α-AdiolG is a good marker for androgen activity in women with excessive hair growth and decreases with anti-androgen treatment.
7 citations
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September 2014 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research” Ultrasound measurement of the ovarian stroma to total area ratio is not a reliable single predictor of high male hormone levels in Thai women with PCOS, but works better when combined with clinical signs.
19 citations
,
March 2018 in “JAMA” Treat hirsutism in premenopausal women with oral contraceptives and consider additional treatments if needed.
8 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” 17β-estradiol lowers polyamine oxidase levels in breast cancer cells through estrogen receptor 2.
16 citations
,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
271 citations
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December 2005 in “New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine” The document likely offers guidance on treating a woman's excessive hair growth, considering her symptoms and obesity.
5 citations
,
November 2018 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” Ovarian Leydig cell tumors are hard to diagnose with just advanced imaging; expert ultrasound and clinical evaluation are essential.
December 1976 in “PubMed” Androgens affect skin conditions like acne and hirsutism, treatable with hormone therapy and other methods.
11 citations
,
February 2003 in “Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology/Baillière's best practice and research in clinical obstetrics and gynaecology” Acne and increased body hair in teenage girls are normal but severe cases may need hormone evaluation and treatment can prevent diabetes linked to PCO.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “Cureus” Women with PCOS have higher irisin levels, which may affect their metabolism and hormones.
3 citations
,
January 2019 in “JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH” Idiopathic hirsutism is the most common cause, followed by PCOS, and insulin resistance should be checked in patients with acanthosis nigricans.