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GlossaryAntibodies

specialized proteins that identify and neutralize foreign substances

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are specialized proteins produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign substances like bacteria, viruses, and toxins. They work by specifically binding to antigens on the surface of these invaders, marking them for destruction by other immune cells.

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research Immunological characteristics and histological distribution of human hair fibrous proteins studied with anti-hair keratin monoclonal antibodies HKN-2, HKN-4, and HKN-6.

52 citations , February 1986 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry”

Some hair proteins are specific to hair, while others are also found in skin cells.

research Catalytic Antibodies in Norm and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

25 citations , May 2017 in “InTech eBooks”

Catalytic antibodies are early indicators and active participants in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus.

research Thyroid antibodies in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients are positively associated with inflammation and multiple symptoms

23 citations , November 2024 in “Scientific Reports”

Higher thyroid antibodies in Hashimoto's thyroiditis are linked to more inflammation and symptoms.

research Amicrobial pustulosis with antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor

15 citations , January 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology”

A woman with skin eruptions and hair loss improved significantly with ointment treatment.

research Thyroid peroxidase antibodies in patients with telogen effluvium

12 citations , February 2010 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology”

Some people with chronic hair loss may have thyroid autoimmunity.

research Generation of Pax1/PAX1-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

10 citations , October 2016 in “Monoclonal antibodies in immunodiagnosis and immunotherapy”

Researchers created specific antibodies that detect a protein important in development and various conditions, and can be used for research and diagnosis.

research Anti-keratin Monoclonal Antibodies for Identifying Animal Hair Fibers

8 citations , May 2004 in “Textile Research Journal”

Scientists made antibodies to tell cashmere and wool apart, which could improve how we identify animal fibers.

research Antinuclear and Antithyroid Antibodies in 68 Japanese Patients with Alopecia areata

6 citations , January 1999 in “Dermatology”

Alopecia areata is linked to autoimmune antibodies.

A Case Report of Male Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with Antinuclear Antibodies-Negative: A Challenging Diagnosis

research A Case Report of Male Systemic Lupus Erythematous with Antinuclear Antibodies-Negative: A Challenging Diagnosis

3 citations , March 2022 in “Korean Journal of Family Medicine”

Doctors should consider SLE in males even if antinuclear antibody tests are negative.

Assessment of Serum Levels of Antigliadin Antibodies (IgG and IgA) in Patients with Alopecia Areata and Their Relation to Severity of the Disease

research ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LEVELS OF ANTIGLIADIN ANTIBODIES (IgG and IgA) IN PATIENTS WITH ALOPECIA AREATA AND THEIR RELATION TO SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE

1 citations , July 2023 in “Al-Azhar Medical Journal”

Higher antigliadin antibodies are linked to more severe alopecia areata, suggesting screening for celiac disease in these patients.

research Application of Ostrich Antibodies to the Restoration of Hair Growth, a Preliminary and Case Report

1 citations , January 2018 in “Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications”

Ostrich antibodies helped regrow hair in men with hair loss, but the application needs to be easier.

research Four murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the inner root sheath in the human hair follicle

1 citations , January 1989

Four antibodies were developed to help study hair follicle cell differentiation.

research The Possible Role of Antibodies in Alopecia: A Narrative Review

April 2026 in “Antibodies”

The role of antibodies in alopecia is unclear, but JAK inhibitors show promise for treatment.

research Identification of tpo, tg, tshr and ana antibodies associated with thyroid disorders

November 2024 in “Malaysian Journal of Microbiology”

Patients with thyroid disorders show different symptoms and antibody levels.

research Signs of some hematological diseases with the help of monoclonal antibodies LT-1, LT-2, LT-7

May 2024 in “International journal of medicine and psychology.”

Monoclonal antibodies LT-1, LT-2, and LT-7 help diagnose certain blood cancers.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Efficacy in Alopecia Areata Patients With Normal and Elevated Levels of Antibodies Against Thyroglobulin and Thyroid Peroxidase

research Platelet-rich plasma efficacy in alopecia areata patients with normal and elevated levels of antibodies against thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase

February 2024 in “Folia Medica”

Platelet-rich plasma treatment is effective for hair loss in patients regardless of their thyroid antibody levels.

research ASSESSMENT OF SERUM LEVELS OF ANTIGLIADIN ANTIBODIES (IGG AND IGA) IN PATIENTS WITH ALOPECIA AREATA AND THEIR RELATION TO SEVERITY OF THE DISEASE

January 2022 in “Al-Azhar Medical Journal”

Higher antigliadin antibody levels are linked to alopecia areata severity.

research The Efficacy of Ostrich Antibodies to Dihydrotestosterone and 5α-Reductase in the Restoration of Hair Growth

January 2019 in “Health”

Ostrich antibodies can help restore hair growth in people with a specific type of hair loss, increasing hair count by 71% on average.

research [Immunohistochemical study on the keratin expression in generating rat hair tissues using anti-hair keratin monoclonal antibodies].

July 1990 in “PubMed”

Hair germ cells differ from epidermal cells in keratin expression, and specific keratins form after hair differentiation.

Anti-TNF Antibody-Induced Psoriasiform Skin Lesions in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are Characterised by Interferon-γ-Expressing Th1 Cells and IL-17A/IL-22-Expressing Th17 Cells and Respond to Anti-IL-12/IL-23 Antibody Treatment

research Anti-TNF antibody-induced psoriasiform skin lesions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease are characterised by interferon-γ-expressing Th1 cells and IL-17A/IL-22-expressing Th17 cells and respond to anti-IL-12/IL-23 antibody treatment

278 citations , March 2013 in “Gut”

Anti-IL-12/IL-23 antibody therapy effectively treats psoriasiform skin lesions in IBD patients.

research Anti-aging Properties of Conditioned Media of Epidermal Progenitor Cells Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells

26 citations , March 2018 in “Dermatology and Therapy”

EPC-CM can reduce skin aging signs by boosting the skin's defense system.

Treatment of Alopecia Areata with Anti-Interferon-Gamma Antibodies

research Treatment of Alopecia Areata with Anti-Interferon-γ Antibodies

16 citations , November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

Blocking interferon-gamma helps prevent and treat hair loss in Alopecia Areata.

research Single-Administration Long-Acting Microarray Patch with Ultrahigh Loading Capacity and Multiple Releases of Thermally Stable Antibodies

12 citations , April 2023 in “Molecular Pharmaceutics”

A new patch can deliver stable antibodies over time for potential HIV treatment.

research Anticytokine therapy, particularly anti-IFN-γ, in Th1-mediated autoimmune diseases

9 citations , May 2005 in “Expert Review of Clinical Immunology”

Blocking interferon-gamma might help treat various autoimmune diseases.

research [An immunohistochemical study on cell differentiation in the outer root sheath of the normal human anagen hair follicles with antikeratin monoclonal antibodies].

6 citations , December 1990 in “PubMed”

Keratinocytes in hair follicles differentiate similarly to skin cells, with specific patterns in different regions.

research Prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies among women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2 citations , September 2025 in “Scientific Reports”

Women with PCOS are more likely to have thyroid antibodies than those without.

research The use of avian yolk antibodies in biomedical research

1 citations , September 2023 in “Laboratornye Zhivotnye dlya nauchnych issledovanii (Laboratory Animals for Science)”

Avian yolk antibodies offer a promising, ethical alternative for disease prevention and therapy.

Local Injection With Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Antibodies Protects Against Development of Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Sweating Disturbance

research 1389 Local injection with anti-herpes simplex virus antibodies protects against development of herpes simplex virus–induced sweating disturbance

April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Injecting anti-herpes antibodies locally can prevent skin lesions and sweating problems caused by herpes simplex virus in mice.

Medications Affecting the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1/Growth Hormone Axis, Including Teprotumumab, Somatostatin Analogs, and Anti-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies, Are Associated With Elevated Reporting Odds of Alopecia in Women: A Pharmacovigilance Study

research Medications affecting the insulin-like growth factor 1/growth hormone axis, including teprotumumab, somatostatin analogs, and anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies, are associated with elevated reporting odds of alopecia in women: A pharmacovigilance study

April 2023 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Some drugs linked to growth hormones may increase the chance of hair loss in women.

research The Utilization of Sex Hormone Antibodies for Screening and Separation of Trace Biological Mixtures

January 2020 in “VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University)”

Sex hormone antibodies can help identify male and female contributors in forensic samples.