September 2023 in “Current opinion in microbiology” Certain fungi protect skin health, but changes can allow harmful fungi to cause serious infections, needing more research for treatment and control.
Androgenetic alopecia, or hair loss, is caused by genetic factors and hormones, with different mechanisms in men and women, and can be linked to insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome.
1 citations
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May 2023 in “European Journal of Human Genetics” Rare ULBP3 gene changes may raise the risk of Alopecia areata, a certain FAS gene deletion could cause a dysfunctional protein in an immune disorder, and having one copy of a specific genetic deletion is okay, but two copies cause sickle cell disease.
February 2026 in “Immunity Inflammation and Disease” Recognizing unusual skin, eye, or hair issues can help diagnose immune system disorders early, especially in children.
March 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Patients with RASopathies have a higher risk of autoimmune disorders and should be routinely screened.
162 citations
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October 2014 in “Autoimmunity reviews” Alopecia areata is caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles.
43 citations
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February 2019 in “International immunology” Special immune cells called Regulatory T cells help control skin inflammation and repair in various skin diseases.
1 citations
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February 2013 in “InTech eBooks” LEKTI is crucial for skin barrier and immune function, affecting conditions like Netherton syndrome and atopic dermatitis.
July 2023 in “The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine ” Alopecia areata is a hair loss condition caused by immune factors and can be treated with JAK inhibitors.
66 citations
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July 2010 in “Journal of Proteome Research” Trichohyalin may trigger the immune response causing alopecia areata.
January 2014 in “International Journal of Clinical Medicine” Premature aging increases the risk of immune problems and autoimmune diseases.
January 2023 in “Karger Kompass. Dermatologie” Scientists are still unsure what triggers the immune system to attack hair follicles in Alopecia areata.
9 citations
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December 2020 in “International Journal of Medical Sciences” iPSCs help understand and treat neurodevelopmental disorders.
7 citations
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July 2019 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Terbinafine effectively treated kerion celsi despite disrupted immune responses.
May 2025 in “The Journal of Rheumatology” Purpura fulminans can signal underlying autoimmune disorders, not just infections.
62 citations
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April 2009 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Epidermal stem cells could lead to new treatments for skin and hair disorders.
September 2024 in “South Eastern European Journal of Public Health” Treatment improved PCOS symptoms and reduced BMI and certain immune factors.
October 2023 in “Benha Journal of Applied Sciences” Serum clusterin may play a key role in the inflammation and immune response in post-adolescent acne.
January 2019 in “Lung India” A 68-year-old woman with lupus and blood disorders improved after increased steroids and immunoglobulin treatment.
Androgens reduce macrophage receptor expression, affecting immune response, while antiandrogens counteract this effect.
375 citations
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July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Stress can worsen skin and hair conditions by affecting the skin's immune response and hormone levels.
1 citations
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January 2014 in “The Journal of Dermatology” A patient with Ivemark syndrome developed mixed type vitiligo after a hepatitis C infection, showing different treatment responses and immune cell involvement in the skin.
Immunological skin diseases in pigs are rare and can be caused by immune system issues or external factors.
August 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Bullous pemphigoid, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and alopecia areata may share immune-related causes.
40 citations
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November 2021 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Mutant keratins cause inflammation in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, suggesting targeting them could help treat the disorder.
16 citations
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January 2010 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology” Children with HIV often have skin problems that can indicate the severity of their immune system damage.
1 citations
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December 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Placental extracts have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-boosting effects, but their exact workings are unclear.
22 citations
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January 2008 in “Physiological Research” Steroid sulfatase is important for activating hormones that affect memory, brain function, and certain diseases, and could be a target for treating hormone-related disorders.
4 citations
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October 2013 in “Springer eBooks” Melatonin receptors, found in many body parts, can help treat various diseases like depression and diabetes due to their effects on inflammation, tumor progression, sleep disorders, and body mass regulation.
1 citations
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January 2021 in “Journal of the Dermatology Nurses’ Association” The convention discussed various skin conditions and treatments, and highlighted the importance of vaccinations for patients on immune-altering medications.