610 citations
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April 2014 in “Nature Reviews Immunology” The document concludes that understanding how the skin's immune system and inflammation work is complex and requires more research to improve treatments for skin diseases.
84 citations
,
February 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology” PPARγ is crucial for skin health but can have both beneficial and harmful effects.
4 citations
,
August 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Mesenchymal stem cells and their vesicles may effectively treat skin diseases, but more research is needed.
5 citations
,
January 2021 in “Inflammatory Bowel Diseases” Tofacitinib improved ulcerative colitis, skin ulcers, and hair loss in a patient who didn't respond well to other treatments.
37 citations
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October 2021 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation” Skin inflammation can worsen intestinal inflammation and colitis.
5 citations
,
October 2012 in “Veterinary Pathology” A Doberman Pinscher had a rare form of autoimmune disease causing hair loss and other severe symptoms.
23 citations
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October 1996 in “Dermatologic clinics” Genes affect cytokine production, which can influence chronic diseases, and certain interventions may help prevent related molecular damage.
12 citations
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July 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology” Gasdermin A3 overexpression in skin causes inflammation and hair loss.
2 citations
,
September 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” T-regulatory cells are important for skin health and can affect hair growth and reduce skin inflammation.
March 2024 in “Drug development & registration” Mesenchymal stem cell secretome shows promise for skin treatments but needs more human trials.
1 citations
,
September 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Folate receptor β helps suppress the immune system in macrophages and affects cancer growth and hair health.
12 citations
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September 2024 in “JID Innovations” Skin-on-a-chip devices better mimic human skin for research.
9 citations
,
January 2018 in “Acta dermato-venereologica” A substance called poly(I:C) increases a protein called carbonic anhydrase II in skin cells, which might help with skin defense and healing.
32 citations
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December 2018 in “Cytokine” Type I interferons play a key role in the development of various skin diseases.
18 citations
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July 2022 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Volatile organic compounds can cause inflammation and increase the risk of autoimmune diseases.
34 citations
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October 2011 in “Pathology Research International” Behçet's Disease may be caused by genetic and environmental factors leading to abnormal immune responses, and stress management and new treatments could improve patient outcomes.
24 citations
,
December 2018 in “Life sciences” Lysophosphatidic acid is important for skin health and disease, and could be a target for new skin disorder treatments.
67 citations
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July 2016 in “Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders” Stress can worsen skin conditions by affecting hormone levels and immune response.
7 citations
,
May 2025 in “Journal of Biomedical Science” Keratin 6A increases skin inflammation, suggesting it could be a target for treating certain skin diseases.
April 2021 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Arg1+ macrophages may play a role in causing alopecia areata.
39 citations
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June 2023 in “Advanced Materials” Microneedles offer a promising, painless, and efficient way to deliver vaccines and therapies directly to the skin.
5 citations
,
March 2025 in “Pediatric Dermatology” Alopecia areata in children is caused by the immune system attacking hair follicles due to genetic factors.
45 citations
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May 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Alopecia areata is caused by immune attacks on hair follicles, affecting hair growth and quality of life.
3 citations
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June 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Prolactin affects skin health and may lead to new treatments for skin and hair issues.
April 2018 in “Veterinary Pathology” Tigers had a skin condition causing hair loss and inflammation, but the cause is unknown and treatment didn't work.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” The S1PR 1&4 modulator may effectively treat alopecia areata by reducing hair loss and immune cell activity.
2 citations
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May 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Ursolic acid may help develop new anti-inflammatory drugs by affecting immune cells.
52 citations
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January 2023 in “Annual Review of Immunology” Immune-epithelial interactions are crucial for tissue repair, but unchecked can cause diseases.
1 citations
,
May 2012 in “Hair transplant forum international” Hair loss in men may be caused by inflammation triggered by hormones, and treatments reducing inflammation could potentially promote hair growth.
20 citations
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January 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” Skin-associated adipocytes help protect the skin from infections by supporting its immune barrier.