49 citations
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June 2004 in “Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences” Human hair becomes weaker and stretches more easily at higher temperatures.
4 citations
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November 2016 in “The Journal of Dermatology” Pili torti hair is fragile due to loose keratin filaments and weak disulfide bonds.
175 citations
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January 1995 in “Birkhäuser Basel eBooks” Human hair growth and structure are influenced by keratin proteins, genes, melanin, and lipids.
Oxidized hair can naturally regain strength and stability over six months.
254 citations
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January 2007 in “Chemical Society Reviews” Hair is a complex protein fiber with unique properties useful for developing hair products.
January 2011 in “Anhui nongye kexue” The vector successfully directed specific gene expression in hair follicles.
19 citations
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May 2008 in “Applied spectroscopy” Human hair has different protein structures in its cuticle and cortex.
38 citations
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February 1988 in “Molecular and Cellular Biology” Only one of the two K16 genes on chromosome 17 makes a functional protein for keratin filaments.
March 2026 in “Virulence” Vimentin and keratin help viruses spread and could be targets for antiviral treatments.
23 citations
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January 1981 Hair is mostly made of three protein types: helical, high-sulfur, and high-tyrosine.
438 citations
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October 2010 in “Oncogene” Keratins help protect cells, aid in cancer diagnosis, and influence cancer behavior and treatment.
94 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Too much keratin 16 in mice skin causes abnormal skin thickening and structure.
54 citations
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March 2009 in “BioEssays” Hormones control keratin production in skin and hair.
198 citations
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November 1989 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin K14 expression varies between hair follicles and epidermis, affecting cell differentiation.
30 citations
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December 2011 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Keratin 17 is modified by RSK1 in response to growth and stress, affecting skin growth and stress response.
25 citations
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September 1995 in “Biochemistry and Cell Biology” High levels of human keratin 16 in mice cause skin lesions and abnormal skin development.
69 citations
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January 2009 in “Advances in Materials Science and Engineering” Wool keratin is reactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and can model keratin from other sources.
36 citations
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January 2004 in “European journal of cell biology” Without keratin 10, there's more growth and development of oil-producing skin cells.
28 citations
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March 1993 in “Journal of Cell Science” Keratins K4 and K13 form stable dimers in mature esophageal cells, aiding cell stability.
May 2006 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Keratin 17 is crucial for cell growth in wound healing by aiding protein synthesis.
356 citations
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December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.
21 citations
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January 2018 in “PLoS Genetics” Certain genetic variants in keratins increase the risk of tooth decay.
70 citations
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January 2014 in “International review of cell and molecular biology” Keratin proteins are crucial for healthy skin, but mutations can cause skin disorders with no effective treatments yet.
May 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Nestin marks cells that can become a specific type of skin cell in hair follicles of both developing and adult mice.
June 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Nestin-expressing cells turn into a specific type of skin cell in hair follicles during development and in adults.
28 citations
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July 2000 in “PubMed” Hair structure forms the same way inside and outside the body.
30 citations
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January 2009 in “The scientific world journal/TheScientificWorldjournal” Hair is hard to dissolve because of its complex proteins, but certain solvents that break specific bonds and hydrate can do it.
8 citations
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July 2004 in “Journal of morphology” Marsupial hair structure and keratin distribution are similar to placental mammals.
23 citations
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January 2023 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Reptile skin protects and prevents water loss, helping them adapt to land.
72 citations
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December 2018 in “Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution” Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.