11 citations
,
January 1977 in “Archives of dermatological research” Mouse tail skin has different keratinization near hair follicles and scales.
9 citations
,
April 2019 in “Journal of Structural Biology” Keratin fibers in hair twist left-handed.
7 citations
,
January 1995 in “The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences” The Indian buffalo teat has a melanin-rich epidermis, no hair follicles, and a complex structure with muscle, blood vessels, and immune cells.
6 citations
,
October 2009 in “Veterinary Dermatology” Canine claws have complex structures with different keratin types, similar to hair and nails.
3 citations
,
January 1998 in “ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA” Hair keratins are mainly on macrofibrils in the cortex and in the endocuticle in the cuticle.
2 citations
,
October 2007 in “Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal” Buffalo lips are well-suited for eating plants.
January 2015 in “Chinese Veterinary Science” Recognizing ultrastructures of cashmere goat hair follicles helps identify and locate follicle layers.
August 2013 in “日本医療薬学会年会講演要旨集” Hair contains complex lipids, including cholesterol and fatty acids, similar to skin.
January 2012 in “eScholarship (California Digital Library)” Hair and nails contain stable RNA, useful for personalized medicine and screening.
May 2005 in “Zhonghua chuangshang guke zazhi” Human hair keratin can help nerve regeneration and is a promising material for nerve repair.
82 citations
,
January 2006 in “International review of cytology” Vertebrate skin evolved to be more specialized and complex, especially in land animals.
90 citations
,
July 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 26 citations
,
August 2007 in “Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger” Feathers become harder as they develop due to a change in keratin type.
44 citations
,
May 2008 in “Acta Zoologica” Keratinization in embryos helped vertebrates adapt to land by forming a protective skin barrier.
43 citations
,
July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science” Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.
January 2017 in “대한미용학회지” The cuticle layer in hair follicles thickens during keratinization due to incomplete cytosol loss.
36 citations
,
November 2019 in “Molecular biology and evolution” Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
October 1990 in “Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)” 20 citations
,
December 2010 in “Journal of Morphology” Lizard claws have hair-like keratins similar to those in mammals.
6 citations
,
August 1937 in “Journal of the Society of Chemical Industry” 7 citations
,
January 1990 3 citations
,
December 2018 in “Routledge eBooks” Hair is made of strong keratin fibers that protect against the environment.
61 citations
,
February 1982 in “Cell and Tissue Research” 68 citations
,
April 2014 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
252 citations
,
January 1991 in “Electron Microscopy Reviews” 33 citations
,
October 2012 in “Journal of Morphology” Reptile skin hardens by layering beta-proteins on keratin.
May 2025 in “Journal of Developmental Biology” Jawless vertebrates have teeth proteins similar to those in mammalian hair and nails.
1 citations
,
December 2024 in “The Journal of Dermatology” The study developed mouse models to help research and treat hair and sweat gland issues.
30 citations
,
January 1999 in “Journal of Cutaneous Pathology” Spiny keratoderma may be ectopic hair formation on palms and soles.
Pangolin scales evolved for protection, hardening with age, due to keratin gene diversification.