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March 1986 in “British Veterinary Journal” Canine skin has two main layers: the epidermis and dermis, with a supportive subcutis layer.
128 citations
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February 1992 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Basal cell carcinomas likely originate from hair follicle cells or stem cells.
130 citations
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February 2005 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” Corneal cells can transform into skin and hair cells through specific signals.
January 2003 in “Swinburne Research Bank (Swinburne University of Technology)” 45 citations
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December 2007 in “The FASEB journal” There are two types of stem cells in rodent hair follicles, each with different keratin proteins.
February 2022 in “Cosmetic Dermatology” Healthy skin prevents water loss and protects against threats.
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April 2011 in “Biological Chemistry” Cathepsin E is crucial for normal skin cell differentiation and development.
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September 2012 in “Oman Medical Journal” Mutations in keratin genes can cause skin and mucosa disorders.
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August 1993 in “Colloid & Polymer Science” The observed "toughening" in keratin was actually due to water evaporation, not a real change in keratin.
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February 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” 28 citations
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July 1980 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The hair disorder was caused by abnormal protein formation, making hair easily damaged.
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November 2014 in “Proteins Structure Function and Bioinformatics” Cysteines in wool fibers are accessible and form important disulfide bonds.
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February 2011 in “Experimental dermatology” A protein called COMP is part of the connective tissue in normal human hair follicles and may be important for hair health.
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April 1981 in “Molecular and cellular biochemistry” 18 citations
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January 1994 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Human dermal fibroblasts and hair papilla cells help outer root sheath cells grow and develop properly.
Spiny keratoderma is a rare skin condition with small spines on palms and soles, possibly linked to abnormal hair formation.
January 1990 in “The Nishinihon Journal of Dermatology” Follicular structures help differentiate keratoacanthoma from squamous cell carcinoma.
4 citations
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January 2000 Piedraia hortae fungi dissolve both the outer and inner layers of hair.
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” ORS and hair matrix cells balance growth and differentiation better than normal keratinocytes, with human dermal fibroblasts crucial for proper differentiation.
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July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Calcifying epithelioma cells can differentiate into hair cortex and outer root sheath.
109 citations
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September 2011 in “Human molecular genetics online/Human molecular genetics” New treatments targeting specific genes show promise for treating keratin disorders.
January 2003 in “Jiepouxue zazhi” HHK can help restore skin structure.
20 citations
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April 2009 in “Cell Biology International” Hair follicle stem cells can become corneal-like cells with the help of pax6.
July 2026 in “Acta Biomaterialia” A method was developed to create early-stage hair structures in lab-grown skin.
March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery” Human skin has multiple layers and functions, with key roles in protection, temperature control, and appearance.
October 1990 in “Spectrum Research Repository (Concordia University)” June 2014 in “Experimental dermatology” The epidermis is crucial for hair growth.
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September 2013 in “Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry” Type II porcine hair keratin supports cell growth but hinders cell differentiation.
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September 2013 in “European Journal of Histochemistry” Keratins in Malayan pangolins vary by region, suggesting scales evolved from the tail towards the head.
51 citations
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May 2021 in “Nature Communications” High proliferation and cell delamination drive early skin development, while later stages may not rely on cell division orientation.