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GlossaryKeratinocyte Apoptosis

process where skin cells undergo programmed cell death

Keratinocyte apoptosis is the process by which keratinocytes, the primary cells in the outer layer of the skin, undergo programmed cell death. This is a natural and essential mechanism for maintaining skin health, as it helps remove damaged or unnecessary cells, allowing for the regeneration of new, healthy skin cells.

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Indications for a Brain-Hair Follicle Axis: Inhibition of Keratinocyte Proliferation and Up-Regulation of Keratinocyte Apoptosis in Telogen Hair Follicles by Stress and Substance P

research Indications for a brain‐hair follicle axis: inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation and up‐regulation of keratinocyte apoptosis in telogen hair follicles by stress and substance P

125 citations , September 2001 in “The FASEB Journal”

Stress can cause hair loss by negatively affecting hair follicles and this effect might be reversed with specific treatments.

research Activation of Cutaneous Protein Kinase Cα Induces Keratinocyte Apoptosis and Intraepidermal Inflammation by Independent Signaling Pathways

74 citations , September 2003 in “The Journal of Immunology”

Activating PKCα in skin causes cell death and inflammation through different pathways.

research Glycyrrhizic Acid Alleviates Osimertinib‐Induced Cutaneous Toxicity by Inhibiting Keratinocyte Apoptosis and Inflammation

April 2026 in “Phytotherapy Research”

Licorice component glycyrrhizic acid may reduce skin side effects from cancer treatment.

research Hydroxyl radical mediates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells and keratinocytes through Bcl-2-dependent mechanism

52 citations , May 2011 in “APOPTOSIS”

Hydroxyl radicals cause hair follicle cell death during chemotherapy by reducing Bcl-2 protein levels.

15-Deoxy Prostaglandin J2, The Nonenzymatic Metabolite Of Prostaglandin D2, Induces Apoptosis In Keratinocytes Of Human Hair Follicles: A Possible Explanation For Prostaglandin D2-Mediated Inhibition Of Hair Growth

research 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2, the nonenzymatic metabolite of prostaglandin D2, induces apoptosis in keratinocytes of human hair follicles: a possible explanation for prostaglandin D2-mediated inhibition of hair growth

11 citations , May 2016 in “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology”

A substance called 15-deoxy prostaglandin J2 can cause hair follicle cells to die, which might explain how prostaglandin D2 can lead to hair loss.

research Araliadiol Protects Human Keratinocytes From Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Apoptosis via Activation of Antioxidant Signaling

January 2026 in “Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark”

Araliadiol protects skin cells from damage by boosting antioxidant defenses.

research Vitamin D inhibits captopril-induced cell detachment and apoptosis in keratinocytes

8 citations , November 2010 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

Vitamin D protects skin cells from damage caused by captopril.

research Dihydrotestosterone-Inducible Dickkopf 1 from Balding Dermal Papilla Cells Causes Apoptosis in Follicular Keratinocytes

171 citations , July 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A substance called DKK-1 increases in balding areas and causes hair cells to die when exposed to DHT.

research Abstract 1026: A non-apoptotic function for Mcl-1 as an activator of canonical Wnt signaling in keratinocytes

April 2010 in “Cancer Research”

Mcl-1 can activate Wnt signaling in skin cells, promoting growth and possibly cancer.

research Geranyl Acetate Attenuates Para-phenylenediamine-induced Cytotoxicity, DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Inflammation in HaCaT Keratinocytes

1 citations , October 2025 in “Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research”

Geranyl acetate can protect skin cells from damage and inflammation caused by para-phenylenediamine.

research 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine induced effluvium via p53-mediated CD326-positive keratinocyte apoptosis in C57BL/6 mice

August 2016 in “Journal of Dermatology”

A chemical called 5-Bromo-2′-deoxyuridine caused rapid hair loss in mice by killing certain skin cells through a specific cell death pathway.

research Analysis of proliferation, apoptosis and keratin expression in cultured normal and immortalized human buccal keratinocytes

27 citations , February 2003 in “European Journal Of Oral Sciences”

SVpgC2a cells show abnormal growth and keratin changes, modeling early cancer development.

research A role for p75 neurotrophin receptor in the control of apoptosis‐driven hair follicle regression

96 citations , October 2000 in “The FASEB Journal”

The p75 neurotrophin receptor is important for hair follicle regression by controlling cell death.

research Reduction of Intrafollicular Apoptosis in Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia by Topical Calcitriol-Analogs

53 citations , October 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Topical calcitriol-analogs can reduce hair loss caused by chemotherapy.

Proliferative, Lymphocytic, Infundibular Mural Folliculitis and Dermatitis with Prominent Follicular Apoptosis and Parakeratotic Casts in Four Labrador Retrievers: Preliminary Description and Response to Therapy

research Proliferative, lymphocytic, infundibular mural folliculitis and dermatitis with prominent follicular apoptosis and parakeratotic casts in four Labrador retrievers: preliminary description and response to therapy

10 citations , April 2013 in “Veterinary dermatology”

A new skin disease in four Labrador retrievers responded well to immunosuppressive treatment.

Ruxolitinib Reverses Alopecia Areata Via a Triple Mechanism: JAK-STAT Inhibition, Localized Oxidative Stress Attenuation and Selective Apoptosis Modulation

research Ruxolitinib reverses alopecia areata via a triple mechanism: JAK-STAT inhibition, localized oxidative stress attenuation and selective apoptosis modulation

March 2026 in “Journal of Translational Autoimmunity”

Ruxolitinib helps regrow hair in alopecia areata by blocking inflammation, reducing stress, and controlling cell death.

research Ligand-Independent Vitamin D Receptor Actions Essential for Keratinocyte Homeostasis in the Skin

January 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

Non-liganded Vitamin D Receptor is crucial for healthy skin and hair.

research Noggin overexpression inhibits eyelid opening by altering epidermal apoptosis and differentiation

65 citations , June 2003 in “EMBO journal”

Noggin overexpression delays eyelid opening by affecting cell death and skin cell development.

Non-Apoptotic Role for Caspase-7 in Hair Follicles and Surrounding Tissue

research Non-apoptotic role for caspase-7 in hair follicles and the surrounding tissue

6 citations , August 2015 in “Journal of Molecular Histology”

Caspase-7 has functions in skin and hair that are not related to cell death.

research Epidermal expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is related to inflammation and apoptosis in human skin

10 citations , November 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Skin RAGE levels are linked to inflammation and cell death.

research Apoptosis in human skin development: Morphogenesis, periderm, and stem cells

253 citations , March 1994 in “Developmental dynamics”

Apoptosis is essential for human skin development and forming a functional epidermis.

research Do Hair Bulb Melanocytes Undergo Apotosis During Hair Follicle Regression (Catagen)?

130 citations , December 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair follicle melanocytes die during hair regression.

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Keratinocyte Progenitor Cell Expansion, Differentiation, and Hair Follicle Regression by miR-22

research Post-transcriptional Regulation of Keratinocyte Progenitor Cell Expansion, Differentiation and Hair Follicle Regression by miR-22

52 citations , May 2015 in “PLOS Genetics”

miR-22, a type of microRNA, controls hair growth and its overproduction can cause hair loss, while its absence can speed up hair growth.

Overexpression of Bcl-2 Protects from Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis but Promotes Hair Follicle Regression and Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia

research Overexpression of Bcl-2 Protects from Ultraviolet B-Induced Apoptosis but Promotes Hair Follicle Regression and Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia

47 citations , April 2000 in “The American journal of pathology”

Bcl-2 overexpression protects against UVB damage but worsens hair loss from chemotherapy.

research Autophagy critically controls skin inflammation and apoptosis-induced stem cell activation

2 citations , August 2023 in “Autophagy”

Autophagy helps control skin inflammation and cancer responses and regulates hair growth by affecting stem cell activity.

research Apoptosis in Hair and Skin: A Review

2 citations , August 2019 in “Journal of skin and stem cell”

The study concludes that regulating apoptosis could lead to new treatments for various skin and hair conditions.

The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

research The Lysosomal Protease Cathepsin L Is an Important Regulator of Keratinocyte and Melanocyte Differentiation During Hair Follicle Morphogenesis and Cycling

146 citations , May 2002 in “The American journal of pathology”

Cathepsin L is essential for normal hair growth and development.

research Apoptosis and cutaneous biology

60 citations , June 1997 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

Apoptosis is crucial for healthy skin and treating skin diseases.

research The Comparison of In Vitro Photosensitizing Efficacy of Curcumin-Loaded Liposomes Following Photodynamic Therapy on Melanoma MUG-Mel2, Squamous Cell Carcinoma SCC-25, and Normal Keratinocyte HaCaT Cells

48 citations , April 2021 in “Pharmaceuticals”

Liposomal curcumin improves skin cancer treatment effectiveness while sparing normal cells.

research Targeted disruption of Bcl‐x_L in mouse keratinocytes inhibits both UVB‐ and chemically induced skin carcinogenesis

36 citations , March 2009 in “Molecular Carcinogenesis”

Disrupting Bcl-xL in mice reduces skin cancer risk.