16 citations
,
January 2007 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology” The document suggests various treatments for PCOS, including medication for menstrual issues, insulin resistance, and excess hair, as well as fertility treatments, while highlighting the need for personalized care and lifestyle changes.
9 citations
,
January 2015 in “Springer eBooks” The document concludes that managing PCOS involves treating symptoms, regulating periods, and reducing health risks, with specific medications for fertility and metabolic issues.
8 citations
,
March 2010 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.
1 citations
,
March 2011 in “Infertility” Hormone imbalances from the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands can cause infertility, but treating these disorders can improve fertility.
49 citations
,
December 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Stopping finasteride improved sperm counts in two men, reducing the need for fertility treatments.
2 citations
,
September 2007 in “Fertility and Sterility” Stopping Propecia may improve sperm count and fertility.
October 2022 in “Biomedicines” Finasteride in male rats causes liver and metabolic issues in their offspring.
69 citations
,
November 2010 in “Middle East Fertility Society Journal” PCOS affects women's health by increasing the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and reproductive issues.
55 citations
,
May 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Androgens are important for female fertility and could help in IVF treatment, but also play a role in causing PCOS.
6 citations
,
August 2023 in “Fertility and Sterility” The 2023 guideline for PCOS suggests using updated diagnostic criteria, assessing related health risks, and recommends lifestyle changes and specific treatments for symptoms and fertility issues.
14 citations
,
June 2015 in “Toxicology and Industrial Health” Low doses of BPA can increase prostate growth and change hormone levels in adult rats.
1 citations
,
November 2007 in “Humana Press eBooks” Most cases of high male hormone levels in women are due to polycystic ovary syndrome.
June 2025 in “General medicine and Clinical Practice” Lifestyle changes improve symptoms and fertility in hyper-androgenic women.
January 2025 in “Biomedicines” High testosterone levels can harm fertility by disrupting the LIF signaling pathway in the uterus.
October 2023 in “Clinical case reports” A woman's male-pattern facial hair growth was caused by a rare malignant ovarian tumor that was difficult to diagnose and treat.
June 2020 in “AACE clinical case reports” A woman's severe male hormone excess was caused by a small, hard-to-find ovarian tumor.
January 2026 in “Military Medicine” Androgenetic alopecia, smoking, and fever speed up hair loss in military men with pneumonia.
Finasteride causes reproductive changes in male rats.
51 citations
,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
12 citations
,
January 2019 in “Journal of Endocrinology” Baicalin may help reduce excessive male hormone levels in PCOS.
9 citations
,
July 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Prenatal THC exposure may harm ovarian health and fertility.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
February 2024 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Dermatologists recommend oral dutasteride for male hair loss, low-dose oral minoxidil for female hair loss, and a multidisciplinary approach for young patients, with caution during pregnancy.
Medicalization has shaped how society views health and gender roles over the past 200 years.
2 citations
,
July 2022 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science” A female dog with mixed male and female traits was treated successfully with surgery.
2 citations
,
May 2018 in “Diagnosis” A 68-year-old woman developed male traits due to a tumor in her ovary, which was removed, returning her hormone levels to normal.
4 citations
,
January 2023 in “Andrology” The testes produce sperm and hormones essential for male development.
July 2019 in “Dermatología Cosmética, Médica y Quirúrgica” Small injections of dutasteride improved hair thickness in men with hair loss without major side effects.
6 citations
,
December 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” EZH2 is crucial for uterine gland development and female fertility.
2 citations
,
February 2022 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Antiandrogenic pretreatment for women with PCOS does not improve fertility outcomes and delays pregnancy.