14 citations
,
February 2018 in “Psychoneuroendocrinology” Mice lacking steroid 5α-reductase 2 show less aggression and better impulse control.
19 citations
,
June 1999 in “Steroids” Different halogens on progesterone derivatives can either block or mimic male hormone effects, depending on their type and amount.
January 2012 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Androgens can cause acne, excess hair, and hair loss, treatable with dermatologist-guided therapies.
Male hormones can decrease the ability of immune cells to fight bacteria.
4 citations
,
January 2012 in “International Journal of Cardiology” Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) worsens heart enlargement, and blocking it may help prevent heart issues.
October 2020 in “Проблемы эндокринологии” Men with higher androgen levels may have severe COVID-19 symptoms, but those on antiandrogen therapy are less likely to contract the virus and have milder symptoms. Anti-androgen drugs could potentially treat COVID-19, but more research is needed.
57 citations
,
February 1983 in “The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism/Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism” Dihydrotestosterone increases the activity of an enzyme in pubic skin cells that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
1 citations
,
February 2013 in “Steroids” Bone mineral and minocycline boost bone cell growth, aiding healing.
1 citations
,
April 2022 in “AACE clinical case reports” A 36-year-old person with a female appearance but male chromosomes was diagnosed with a rare enzyme deficiency affecting sexual development.
70 citations
,
April 2014 in “Annales d'endocrinologie” New genes and pathways are important for testosterone production and male sexual development.
11 citations
,
July 2015 in “Gene” DHT affects bone growth by altering gene activity in osteoblasts, potentially complicating steroid use.
23 citations
,
September 2021 in “Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology” Testosterone's effects on COVID-19 are unclear and need more research.
25 citations
,
January 2000 in “Hormone Research in Paediatrics” Mutations in the androgen receptor gene cause Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome, affecting sexual development.
5-Alpha reductase inhibitors help treat enlarged prostate but may cause sexual side effects.
22 citations
,
June 2004 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” A woman had both Graham Little-Piccardi-Lassueur syndrome, causing hair loss, and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, making her genetically male but physically female. This suggests androgens don't affect the hair loss condition.
10 citations
,
May 2009 in “Sexual and Relationship Therapy” The document concludes that hormone therapy is essential for treating gender dysphoria, with specific drugs and monitoring protocols recommended for safety and effectiveness.
The treatment changed hormone levels and increased sexual behavior in female capuchin monkeys.
February 2024 in “Hormones” Future hormone therapy trials should match the diverse needs and priorities of the gender-diverse community.
June 2014 in “The Journal of Urology”
20 citations
,
April 2012 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride causes lasting fertility decrease in rats.
Finasteride may cause breast enlargement in some men.
1 citations
,
June 2021 in “Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Córdoba” Postmenopausal virilization can be caused by ovarian hyperthecosis, treatable with surgery.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Anabolic steroid abuse can cause sexual, fertility, and health problems.
177 citations
,
June 1991 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Caucasian men have more chest hair and higher levels of certain androgen products than Chinese men.
11 citations
,
August 2000 in “Journal of Endocrinology” DHEA acts like a male hormone on rat skin glands and doesn't turn into female hormones there.
32 citations
,
July 2017 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride effectively treats hair loss in transgender men with few side effects.
186 citations
,
February 2015 in “Frontiers in Neuroscience” Testosterone affects brain behavior in complex and varied ways.
8 citations
,
April 2017 in “Medical Hypotheses” Men with early balding may have hormonal imbalances similar to women with PCOS and could benefit from similar treatments.
11 citations
,
August 2014 in “Current Urology Reports” Medications for enlarged prostate can cause sexual side effects like reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, and ejaculatory problems.
27 citations
,
April 2011 in “Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica” DHT deficiency can disrupt cell connections in rat testes, possibly affecting fertility.