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GlossaryMelanin

natural pigment determining skin, hair, and eye color

Melanin is a natural pigment found in most organisms, responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. It is produced by cells called melanocytes and provides protection against ultraviolet (UV) radiation by absorbing and dissipating sunlight.

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research Microneedling dilates the follicular infundibulum and increases transfollicular absorption of liposomal sepia melanin

25 citations , June 2015 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

Microneedling helps increase the absorption of a melanin product into hair follicles, which may improve laser hair removal effectiveness.

research Sex Identification of Feather Color in Geese and the Expression of Melanin in Embryonic Dorsal Skin Feather Follicles

14 citations , May 2022 in “Animals”

Female goslings have darker feathers than males due to more melanin.

research Effects of Aging on Hair Color, Melanosomes, and Melanin Composition in Japanese Males and Their Sex Differences

7 citations , November 2022 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

As Japanese males age, their hair darkens due to increased melanin, with males generally having darker hair than females.

Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim Extract Enhances Melanin Biosynthesis and Melanosome Biogenesis/Transfer

research Epimedium brevicornum Maxim. Extract exhibits pigmentation by melanin biosynthesis and melanosome biogenesis/transfer

6 citations , September 2022 in “Frontiers in pharmacology”

Epimedium extract helps increase skin pigmentation and could be a new treatment for conditions with reduced pigmentation.

research Raman investigation of in vivo radiation exposure on melanin in murine hair

2 citations , March 2025 in “PNAS Nexus”

Raman spectroscopy can detect radiation exposure in mouse hair with high accuracy for up to 7 days.

research Biocompatible exosomes derived from Pinctada martensii mucus for therapeutic melanin regulation via α-MSH/NF-κB/MITF pathway

1 citations , January 2025 in “Regenerative Biomaterials”

Exosomes from Pinctada martensii mucus can safely reduce melanin production, offering a new treatment for skin pigment issues.

research Melanin Pigmentary Disorders: Treatment Update

84 citations , April 2005 in “Dermatologic Clinics”

Treatments for melanin disorders exist, but more effective options needed.

Stimulating Effect of Adrenalectomy on Hair Growth and Melanin Deposition in Black Rats Fed Diets Adequate and Deficient in the Filtrate Factors of Vitamin B1

research STIMULATING EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY ON HAIR GROWTH AND MELANIN DEPOSITION IN BLACK RATS FED DIETS ADEQUATE AND DEFICIENT IN THE FILTRATE FACTORS OF VITAMIN B¹

34 citations , January 1943 in “Endocrinology”

Adrenalectomy boosts hair growth and melanin in black rats, even with vitamin B¹ deficiency.

The Effects of Synthetic and Natural Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex on Melanin Deposition in Adrenalectomized Black Rats Fed Diets Adequate and Deficient in Vitamin B1

research THE EFFECTS OF THE SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL HORMONE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX ON MELANIN DEPOSITION IN ADRENALECTOMIZED BLACK RATS FED DIETS ADEQUATE AND DEFICIENT IN THE FILTRATE FACTORS OF VITAMIN B¹

27 citations , October 1945 in “Endocrinology”

Synthetic hormone treatment reduces melanin and hair growth in rats.

[4-t-Butylphenyl]-N-(4-imidazol-1-yl phenyl)sulfonamide (ISCK03) Inhibits SCF/c-kit Signaling in 501mel Human Melanoma Cells and Abolishes Melanin Production in Mice and Brownish Guinea Pigs

research [4-t-Butylphenyl]-N-(4-imidazol-1-yl phenyl)sulfonamide (ISCK03) inhibits SCF/c-kit signaling in 501mel human melanoma cells and abolishes melanin production in mice and brownish guinea pigs

26 citations , July 2007 in “Biochemical Pharmacology”

ISCK03 stops melanin production in human melanoma cells and lightens skin color in mice and guinea pigs.

research When the Circadian Clock Meets the Melanin Pigmentary System

18 citations , March 2015 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Silencing certain circadian clock genes increases skin pigmentation.

research Circulating testosterone and feather-gene expression of receptors and metabolic enzymes in relation to melanin-based colouration in the barn owl

14 citations , September 2017 in “General and comparative endocrinology”

Barn owls with smaller black spots have higher testosterone levels, which might be due to genetic effects on hormone regulation rather than hormone effects on coloration.

research Carvone Decreases Melanin Content by Inhibiting Melanoma Cell Proliferation via the Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) Pathway

12 citations , November 2020 in “Molecules”

Carvone helps treat skin issues by reducing melanin and stopping harmful cell growth.

research Extradermal melanin transfer? Lack of macroscopic spleen melanization in old C57BL/6 mice with de-synchronized hair cycle.

10 citations , June 2009 in “Acta Biochimica Polonica”

Old C57BL/6 mice with unsynchronized hair cycles show less melanin in their spleens.

research Photo‐protective effect of cuttlefish ink melanin on human hair

7 citations , September 2021 in “Journal of Applied Polymer Science”

Cuttlefish ink melanin protects hair from UV damage.

research Field melanin mapping of the hairless scalp

7 citations , November 2011 in “Skin Research and Technology”

The study found a specific pattern of uneven melanin distribution on balding scalps that could help understand skin diseases caused by light exposure.

research Melanin Light Absorption as the Necessary but Not Sufficient Condition for Photoepilation: Miniaturization and Eclipse Phenomena

4 citations , March 2013 in “The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery”

Melanin absorbing light is necessary but not enough for effective hair removal by light treatment.

research Desmodesmus pannonicus Water Extract Inhibits Melanin Synthesis and Promotes Wound Healing

1 citations , November 2024 in “Life”

Desmodesmus pannonicus water extract may help reduce skin pigmentation, heal wounds, and promote hair growth.

research Regulatory Effects of Thai Rice By-Product Extracts from Oryza sativa L. cv. Bue Bang 3 CMU and Bue Bang 4 CMU on Melanin Production, Nitric Oxide Secretion, and Steroid 5α-Reductase Inhibition

1 citations , February 2023 in “Plants”

BB4CMU rice bran oil may help treat hair loss and gray hair.

research Increased PHGDH expression uncouples hair follicle cycle progression and promotes inappropriate melanin accumulation

1 citations , January 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Increased PHGDH expression causes early melanin buildup in hair follicles.

research Mitigation of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced side effects utilizing melanin and vascular-specific lasers: A case report series

1 citations , May 2017 in “Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy”

Lasers can help reduce skin side effects from cancer treatment.

research Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on reducing melanin levels in response to UV radiation in male C57BL/6 mice

December 2025 in “Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics”

Mesenchymal stem cells may help reduce melanin in UV-exposed mice.

research In Vivo Non-Invasive Observation of Dynamic Changes in Hair Shaft, Melanin, and Collagen During the C57BL/6 Follicle Cycle

September 2025 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

Non-invasive methods can effectively monitor hair growth cycles, aiding hair loss treatment development.

research Role of Dermal Factors Involved in Regulating the Melanin and Melanogenesis of Mammalian Melanocytes in Normal and Abnormal Skin

April 2024 in “International journal of molecular sciences”

Dermal factors are crucial in regulating melanin production in skin.

research Herbal insights into melanin synthesis: Enhancing hair health naturally

January 2024 in “International Journal of Herbal Medicine”

Melanin is important for hair color, health, and UV protection.

Beyond the Epidermal-Melanin-Unit: The Human Scalp Anagen Hair Bulb Is Home to Multiple Melanocyte Subpopulations of Variable Melanogenic Capacity

research Beyond the Epidermal-Melanin-Unit: The Human Scalp Anagen Hair Bulb Is Home to Multiple Melanocyte Subpopulations of Variable Melanogenic Capacity

August 2023 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

The human scalp hair bulb contains different types of melanocytes with varying abilities to produce melanin.

research Alopecia Areata and Medical Modulation of the Intrinsic Property of Melanin to Transform Light Into Chemical Energy Through the Water Dissociation

January 2017 in “Archives of clinical and biomedical research”

Enhancing melanin's energy generation may help treat alopecia areata.