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September 2024 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” Bleaching hair increases pore size and changes pore structure.
Bubble microneedles effectively deliver drugs through the skin and mouth, improving treatment speed and efficiency.
122 citations
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April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
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October 2020 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Caffeine penetrates skin quickly through open hair follicles, but less through closed ones, with levels becoming equal after 22 hours.
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February 2011 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Medium-sized particles penetrate hair follicles better than smaller or larger ones, which could improve delivery of skin treatments.
12 citations
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March 2023 in “Pharmaceutics” Gas-propelled dissolving microneedles improve drug loading and delivery efficiency.
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November 1959 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.
January 2025 in “SSRN Electronic Journal” January 2022 in “Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)” 96 citations
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April 2017 in “Oncotarget” Smaller nanoemulsions can penetrate skin and hair follicles better, which may be useful for delivering drugs and vaccines through the skin.
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August 2021 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Cholesterol- and phospholipid-free niosomes improve deep skin drug delivery.
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August 2020 in “Analytical chemistry” Hair lipids do not protect against humidity.
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May 2016 in “TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry” Droplet microfluidics improves efficiency and control in chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology.
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May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
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June 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” Minoxidil's absorption is too variable for it to be a reliable reference drug.
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January 2009 in “Journal of Biomedical Optics” Nanoparticles penetrate hair follicles better when their size matches the cuticula thickness.
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January 2020 in “Research” Microneedle technology has advanced for painless drug delivery and sensitive detection but faces a gap between experimental use and clinical needs.
January 2026 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” Multicomponent crystals in microneedles improve drug delivery for hair loss treatment.
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August 2024 in “Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B” Microneedles can improve skin disease treatment by delivering drugs directly through the skin.
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March 2024 in “Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology” A detailed 3D model of human skin was created to help develop artificial skin.
March 2012 in “Korean Journal of Microscopy” Quantum dot nanoparticles can penetrate skin and reach sebocytes through hair follicles.
Nano-sized sunscreens may penetrate skin and pose toxicity risks.
253 citations
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June 2004 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Smaller nanoparticles improve minoxidil delivery through hair follicles.
January 2025 in “SSRN Electronic Journal” 46 citations
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May 2006 in “Laser Physics” Particles similar in size to hair cells penetrate hair follicles better.
August 2021 in “Josai University Repository of Academia (Josai University)” The nanoparticles improved minoxidil's skin absorption, making them promising for skin treatments.
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October 2024 in “Molecular Pharmaceutics” Microneedles improve delivery of plant-based compounds through the skin, aiding treatments for hair loss, cancer, and wounds.
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May 2013 in “Polymer-korea” Micro-needles with minoxidil may help hair growth.
January 2025 in “Advances in Dermatology and Allergology” Micro-needling helps deliver substances deeper into the skin and promotes skin repair.
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January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Nanoparticles don't penetrate intact skin but can enter through pores or damaged skin.