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GlossaryTyrosinase

enzyme crucial for melanin production in skin and hair

Tyrosinase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. It catalyzes the oxidation of tyrosine, an amino acid, into dopaquinone, which then undergoes further reactions to form melanin. This enzyme is significant in understanding conditions like albinism and vitiligo, where melanin production is affected.

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research Tyrosinase inhibition due to interaction of homocyst(e)ine with copper: the mechanism for reversible hypopigmentation in homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency.

74 citations , July 1995 in “PubMed”

Lowering homocyst(e)ine levels can reverse skin and hair lightening by restoring enzyme activity needed for pigmentation.

research Tyrosinase Depletion Prevents the Maturation of Melanosomes in the Mouse Hair Follicle

31 citations , November 2015 in “PloS one”

Reducing Tyrosinase prevents mature color pigment cells from forming in mouse hair.

research The antimycotic agent clotrimazole inhibits melanogenesis by accelerating ERK and PI3K-/Akt-mediated tyrosinase degradation

15 citations , March 2015 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Clotrimazole, an antifungal cream, may safely reduce skin pigmentation by breaking down the enzyme needed for making melanin.

research Screening of Tyrosinase, Xanthine Oxidase, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix by Ultrafiltration and HPLC Analysis

12 citations , May 2023 in “Molecules”

Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix contains compounds that inhibit certain enzymes.

Biotransformation of Finasteride by Ocimum Sanctum L., and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Transformed Metabolites: Experimental and Computational Insights

research Biotransformation of Finasteride by Ocimum sanctum L., and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of transformed metabolites: Experimental and computational insights

3 citations , August 2014 in “Steroids”

Fermentation of Finasteride with Ocimum sanctum L. creates new metabolite that inhibits tyrosinase.

research Plant‐Derived Monomers for Grey Hair Reversal Through Upregulation of Melanogenesis and Tyrosinase Activity

1 citations , June 2025 in “Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine”

Plant-derived compounds may help reverse grey hair by boosting melanin production.

research Red pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract mud mask formulation and tyrosinase-inhibition activity test

April 2024 in “JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA”

The mud mask with 22.5% kaolin and pomegranate peel extract worked best.

research Post-tyrosinase Inhibition of Melanogenesis by Melatonin in Hair Follicles in Vitro

75 citations , January 1980 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

research Sulfur Containing Tyrosine Analogs Can Cause Selective Melanocytotoxicity Involving Tyrosinase-Mediated Apoptosis

16 citations , September 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

research Skin melanocytes: biology and development

401 citations , January 2013 in “Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii”

The paper concludes that understanding melanocyte development can help in insights into skin diseases and melanoma diversity.

research Induction of the hair growth phase in postnatal mice by localized transient expression of Sonic hedgehog

231 citations , October 1999 in “Journal of Clinical Investigation”

Activating the Sonic hedgehog gene in mice can start the hair growth phase.

research Senile hair graying: H ₂ O ₂ ‐mediated oxidative stress affects human hair color by blunting methionine sulfoxide repair

217 citations , February 2009 in “The FASEB Journal”

Gray hair is caused by hydrogen peroxide buildup, which damages hair color repair.

Melanogenesis Is Coupled to Murine Anagen: Toward New Concepts for the Role of Melanocytes and the Regulation of Melanogenesis in Hair Growth

research Melanogenesis is coupled to murine anagen: Toward new concepts for the role of melanocytes and the regulation of melanogenesis in hair growth

210 citations , July 1993 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair color production in mice is closely linked to the hair growth phase and may also influence hair growth itself.

research Melanogenesis During the Anagen-Catagen-Telogen Transformation of the Murine Hair Cycle

161 citations , June 1994 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair stops producing melanin as it transitions from the growth phase to the resting phase.

research Hair cycle and hair pigmentation: dynamic interactions and changes associated with aging

152 citations , December 2003 in “Micron”

As people age, their hair follicles produce less pigment, leading to gray and white hair, due to factors like reduced enzyme activity and damage to melanocyte DNA.

research Human hair melanins: what we have learned and have not learned from mouse coat color pigmentation

140 citations , August 2010 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research”

We know a lot about mouse hair color, but not much about human hair color differences.

research Skin Pigmentation Types, Causes and Treatment—A Review

138 citations , June 2023 in “Molecules”

Skin pigmentation varies due to genetics, UV exposure, and drugs, with treatments available but requiring medical advice.

research Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hair Loss Disease Alopecia Areata

106 citations , January 2013 in “Clinical and Developmental Immunology”

Alopecia areata is caused by immune system attacks on hair follicles, often triggered by viral infections.

research Melanocyte Subpopulation Turnover During the Human Hair Cycle: An Immunohistochemical Study

86 citations , August 2000 in “Pigment cell research”

Melanocyte activity in hair follicles is linked to the hair growth cycle, being active in growth phases and inactive in rest phases.

research The Peripheral Clock Regulates Human Pigmentation

81 citations , October 2014 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Certain genes control the color of human hair by affecting pigment production.

research Structure and function of melanocytes: microscopic morphology and cell biology of mouse melanocytes in the epidermis and hair follicle.

69 citations , January 1995 in “PubMed”

Mouse melanocyte structure and function are influenced by genetics, hormones, and environmental factors.

research Traditional Uses and Pharmacologically Active Constituents of Dendrobium Plants for Dermatological Disorders: A Review

65 citations , April 2021 in “Natural Products and Bioprospecting”

Dendrobium plants have compounds useful for treating skin issues and developing new drugs and cosmetics.

research Topical Application of a Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Reduces Skin and Hair Pigmentation

60 citations , January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Applying a specific inhibitor lightens skin and hair color.

research Murine skin as a target for melatonin bioregulation

57 citations , February 1994 in “Experimental dermatology”

Melatonin affects mouse skin and may regulate skin functions.

research Human Hair Follicle and Epidermal Melanocytes Exhibit Striking Differences in Their Aging Profile which Involves Catalase

56 citations , December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Hair follicle cells age faster and lose pigment due to less catalase, causing hair to turn gray.

research INTERACTION OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE, MELATONIN, CYCLIC AMP AND CYCLIC GMP IN THE CONTROL OF MELANOGENESIS IN HAIR FOLLICLE MELANOCYTES IN VITRO

53 citations , July 1981 in “Journal of Endocrinology”

α-MSH and cyclic AMP boost melanin production, while cyclic GMP and melatonin reduce it.

research Effects of autologous platelet‑rich plasma injections on facial skin rejuvenation

40 citations , February 2020 in “Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine”

PRP injections improve facial skin by reducing wrinkles and pores.

research Coming of Age of Melanogenesis-Related Proteins

37 citations , July 2002 in “Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine”

Tyrosinase and gp100 proteins can help diagnose and treat melanoma.

research Topobiology of Human Pigmentation: P-Cadherin Selectively Stimulates Hair Follicle Melanogenesis

29 citations , January 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

P-cadherin is crucial for hair follicle pigmentation but not skin pigmentation.

research Interaction between stem cell factor and endothelin-1: effects on melanogenesis in human skin xenografts

27 citations , August 2006 in “Laboratory Investigation”

SCF and ET-1 together significantly increase skin pigmentation and melanin production.