19 citations
,
June 2013 in “Journal of Neuroendocrinology” Neurosteroids may help prevent seizures and slow epilepsy progression.
March 2026 in “Research Square”
67 citations
,
January 2007 in “Climacteric” Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.
3 citations
,
January 2018 in “Reproduction, Fertility and Development” Birth control pills increase certain receptor activities in female gerbil prostate glands and can lead to prostate changes.
2 citations
,
January 2023 in “Redox Report” Estradiol may protect ear cells from hearing loss caused by a chemotherapy drug by activating a protective pathway.
41 citations
,
November 2003 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” Male hormones, or androgens, affect women's health in areas like mood and bone density, and hormone replacement therapy using antiandrogenic progestogens can improve mood disorders and alertness in menopausal women.
9 citations
,
May 2019 in “Experimental Cell Research” HPV genes and estradiol increase a cancer-related signaling pathway, which may be targeted for cervical cancer treatment.
June 2024 in “European neuropsychopharmacology”
4 citations
,
June 2021 in “Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal” Rat hair follicle stem cells can improve nerve repair and muscle function after injury.
18 citations
,
August 2019 in “Clinical breast cancer” Local hormonal treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy is likely safe for women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer on aromatase inhibitors.
13 citations
,
December 2010 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Inhibiting certain enzymes made female rats more sensitive to low-level pain.
5 citations
,
January 2007 in “Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology” 17β-Estradiol boosts allergic reactions and slows thymus aging in mice.
November 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estetrol may help prevent hair loss and support hair growth in women.
8 citations
,
January 1998 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Topical estrogen treatments did not change hair growth in certain mouse strains, questioning previous findings on their role in hair growth control.
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Gender-affirming hormone therapy affects metabolism differently based on treatment type.
48 citations
,
February 1999 in “PubMed” Finasteride, a drug, can block the seizure-preventing effects of a hormone called progesterone in mice.
68 citations
,
June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets” Oestrogens help maintain healthy skin, heal wounds, and may protect against skin aging and cancer.
130 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Estrogen Receptor ß (ERß) is the main hormone controller in human skin and hair follicles, not Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) or the Androgen Receptor (AR).
11 citations
,
May 2022 in “World Journal of Biological Chemistry” Progesterone may help trans women with breast development and health, but more research is needed.
24 citations
,
October 2012 in “The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology” Testosterone protects female heart cells from stress by activating estrogen receptors.
September 2025 in “Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise” Gender-affirming hormone therapy and surgery affect gut bacteria differently.
7 citations
,
September 2023 in “Cancer Treatment Reviews” Managing side effects of endocrine therapy is crucial to improve adherence and survival in breast cancer patients.
72 citations
,
November 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Estrogen receptor α controls hair growth cycles and skin thickness in male mice.
October 2025 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Low estrogen due to poor nutrition can lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
16 citations
,
November 2011 in “Neuroscience Letters” Progesterone protects brain cells by converting to allopregnanolone and involving GABAA receptors.
6 citations
,
January 2016 in “Menopause” Estrogen deficiency, like after menopause or certain surgeries, leads to faster skin aging and health issues.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.
36 citations
,
May 2017 in “The journal of sexual medicine” Cyproterone acetate treatment is safe and causes mild feminization, which increases with added estrogen.
18 citations
,
March 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Estrogen increases blood vessel growth factor production, while testosterone blocks this increase.