Ultrasound alone isn't enough to diagnose PCOS.
4 citations
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January 2024 in “Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health” New ultrasound criteria for diagnosing PCOS in North African patients were successfully established.
2 citations
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January 2014 in “JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH” Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian tumors that can cause symptoms like menorrhagia.
37 citations
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November 2002 in “Biology of Reproduction” Prenatal antiandrogen treatment altered hormone levels in adult spotted hyenas, affecting males and females differently.
17 citations
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April 2009 in “Andrologia” A boy's early puberty caused by a testicular tumor returned to normal after surgery.
143 citations
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August 1991 in “Endocrinology” Androgens, like testosterone, are crucial for early testicular descent in rats.
20 citations
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July 2006 in “Veterinary dermatology” Melatonin helped some Pomeranian dogs regrow hair, but it wasn't linked to estrogen receptors.
9 citations
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December 2013 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a major health issue for women in Egypt, affecting 14% of fertile women and 37.5% of infertile women.
August 1996 in “Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology” The document concludes that PCOS in adolescents is complex and requires comprehensive care to manage its symptoms and associated health risks.
January 2021 in “Deep Blue (University of Michigan)” Androgen receptors in the brain affect metabolism and reproduction differently in males and females, and may help manage PCOS symptoms in females.
81 citations
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January 2006 in “Journal of cellular physiology” Mice without the vitamin D receptor gene lose hair due to disrupted hair follicle cycles.
22 citations
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October 2004 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” The gene causing hair loss and heart issues in rough coat mice is still unknown.
5 citations
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October 2014 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Triptorelin helps evaluate hormone production in Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors.
1 citations
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August 2015 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” A new gene mutation causes complete androgen insensitivity in a 16-year-old with a female appearance.
October 2022 in “Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology” Certain changes in the SHBG gene may increase the risk of PCOS in Iraqi women.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
3 citations
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April 2012 in “Fertility and Sterility” Finasteride may cause infertility in rats by affecting epididymis and sperm function.
October 2024 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Early detection of ovarian steroid cell tumors is crucial to prevent lasting symptoms.
89 citations
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August 2013 in “PloS one” Androgen receptors are active in many tissues of both male and female mice, not just reproductive organs.
December 2025 in “Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences” FOXA1 and CCL2 genes are more active in women with PCOS, varying by phenotype.
September 2022 in “F1000Research” Removing hair from mice without reproductive glands led to grey hair, possibly helping to understand greying in aging.
29 citations
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June 2000 in “Endocrinology” Alopecia in VDR knockout mice is due to impaired hair cycle initiation, not keratinocyte issues.
January 2015 in “International journal of reproduction, contraception, obstetrics and gynecology” Women with PCOS often have irregular periods, a higher chance of infertility and miscarriages, and may improve fertility with lifestyle changes and treatment.
The treatment changed hormone levels and increased sexual behavior in female capuchin monkeys.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
2 citations
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June 2024 in “Parasites & Vectors” Chronic T. gondii infection may harm male fertility.
29 citations
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April 2002 in “Human Reproduction” Ovarian stromal volume doesn't relate to PCOS biochemical indices.
37 citations
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January 2009 in “Sexual Development” Fadrozole and Finasteride change frog sex ratios and cause intersex animals with altered gene expressions.
18 citations
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December 2014 in “Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America” Losing 5-10% body weight can improve PCOS symptoms, letrozole is better than clomiphene for fertility, and managing weight and blood sugar is important to reduce pregnancy complications.
19 citations
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October 2012 in “Frontiers of Hormone Research” Lifestyle changes are the first step in treating infertility in PCOS, followed by medications like clomiphene and metformin, and then surgery if needed.