13 citations
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January 2019 in “Endocrine journal” Dihydrotestosterone treatment can help penis growth in boys with 5α-reductase deficiency but doesn't fully normalize size after puberty.
5 citations
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December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
October 2022 in “Endocrine journal” Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone treatments can help with penile growth in males with 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency, with dihydrotestosterone being more effective in infancy.
January 2023 in “The Annals of african surgery” Hormone treatment before hypospadias surgery can increase penis size and reduce surgery complications.
4 citations
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December 2014 in “PubMed” Pre-operative hormone treatment for hypospadias surgery might improve outcomes, but more research is needed to confirm.
January 2025 in “Case Reports in Genetics” A rare gene variant causes sexual development issues in siblings, needing personalized treatment.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A 12-year-old boy with PAIS successfully developed male characteristics using high-dose testosterone and anastrozole.
7 citations
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June 2020 in “Translational Andrology and Urology” Finasteride for hair loss may cause lasting sexual, genitourinary, mental, and anti-androgenic side effects in young men.
14 citations
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December 2016 in “Sexual Medicine” Finasteride side effects in young men may be linked to specific gene variations.
March 2017 in “European Urology Supplements” Gene differences affect finasteride side effects in men with hair loss.
86 citations
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March 1993 in “Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology” Finasteride affects male rat genitalia development, causing abnormalities during specific pregnancy days.
2 citations
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May 2022 in “International Journal of Impotence Research” Finasteride may be linked to Peyronie’s disease, but more research is needed.
PRP injections with tadalafil and stretching safely improved Peyronie's symptoms but didn't significantly change curvature long-term.
51 citations
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August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
April 2026 in “Frontiers in Medicine” Syphilis can cause hair loss even without penetrative sex, but treatment can fully restore hair.
April 2023 in “Clinical theriogenology” The dog's skin condition improved after removing a tumor that was causing hormone imbalances.
January 2022 in “International Microsurgery Journal” This method effectively reconstructs scarred penopubic junctions after surgery.
176 citations
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June 2017 in “Sexual Medicine Reviews” Erectile dysfunction is increasingly common in men under 40, with many physical and psychological causes, and various treatment options available.
45 citations
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April 2018 in “Nature Reviews Urology” Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.
26 citations
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November 2009 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Certain gene variations are not a major cause of male infertility in Nigerian men.
2 citations
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August 2016 in “Experimental Dermatology” Finasteride treats baldness but may cause lasting sexual side effects.
21 citations
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December 2015 in “Development Growth & Differentiation” DHT is crucial for urethral formation, and its disruption can affect masculinization and lead to hypospadias.
5 citations
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January 2024 in “Reproductive Medicine and Biology” Androgen and Wnt signals are crucial for developing and functioning male genitalia and erectile tissues.
February 2005 in “The Journal of Urology” Finasteride for hair loss doesn't harm erectile function; weight loss and exercise improve it.
November 2022 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A boy with a new NR5A1 gene mutation has a sex development disorder without affecting his adrenal glands.
January 2016 in “Springer eBooks” A 19-year-old male with delayed puberty was successfully treated for a condition that prevents normal hormone production.
3 citations
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January 2015 in “Social Science Research Network” The conclusion is that off-label drug use can lead to important medical discoveries and improve patient care.
14 citations
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December 2003 in “BJUI” Finasteride can treat prostatic haematuria, but its use is controversial.
3 citations
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March 2018 in “BMC Cancer” Baldness, especially at the front, may lower the risk of testicular cancer by 31%, but its link to prostate cancer is unclear.
122 citations
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July 1990 in “Teratology” Finasteride exposure in pregnancy causes genital abnormalities in male rats.