45 citations
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March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
1 citations
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September 2017 in “Zhonghua neifenmi daixie zazhi” Routine genetic testing is crucial for early diagnosis and better management of Turner’s syndrome with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
32 citations
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September 2010 in “Stress” Neurosteroids help protect fetal brains from asphyxia damage.
2 citations
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December 2001 in “PubMed”
Testosterone in our bodies helps increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.
January 2003 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Testosterone therapy can improve skin and hair in men with low testosterone but may cause skin irritation with certain treatments.
4 citations
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December 2024 in “JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Mothers with atopic dermatitis have higher risks of pregnancy complications and their children are more likely to develop certain health conditions.
1 citations
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June 2014 in “Annales de Toxicologie Analytique” Hair analysis alone can't confirm long-term drug exposure in children under 1 year old.
5 citations
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December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” Testosterone undecanoate safely and effectively increased penis size in male children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency.
21 citations
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January 2008 in “Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism” Anastrozole and cyproterone acetate treatment can help increase adult height in boys with testotoxicosis.
During late pregnancy in rats, hormonal changes increased certain GABAA receptors in specific brain cells.
January 2026 in “JCEM Case Reports” Genetics may play a significant role in gender dysphoria.
1 citations
,
November 2023 in “American journal of clinical pathology” Transgender men on testosterone therapy need ongoing gynecologic care due to potential cancer risks.
1 citations
,
April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Prostaglandin D2 increases testosterone levels in skin cells through reactive oxygen species, not enzymes, which could lead to new hair loss treatments.
27 citations
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February 2005 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Male cells need DHT to respond to testosterone, while female cells do not.
Testosterone in human pancreas cells boosts insulin production.
17 citations
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November 2017 in “Experimental physiology” Breathing in newborn rats is affected differently by hormones based on their sex.
11 citations
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September 1990 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Girls with prepubertal simple hypertrichosis have higher dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels.
17 citations
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October 2006 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” The L457(3.43)R mutation in the human lutropin receptor causes increased activity and hormone insensitivity, leading to precocious puberty.
17 citations
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August 2019 in “Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases” Low testosterone in men is a risk factor for a specific heart rhythm issue, and testosterone treatment may help prevent it.
11 citations
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October 2002 in “Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior” Formalin-induced pain increases testosterone breakdown in the rat brain and spinal cord.
January 2024 in “Repositorio Digital de la Universidad Villanueva”
January 2014 in “Side effects of drugs annual” Exposure to certain sex hormones can increase health risks, while some hormone therapies may offer benefits for specific conditions.
28 citations
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October 2018 in “Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology” Testosterone therapy seems safe and effective for transgender men with proper care, but more long-term research is needed.
57 citations
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August 2018 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Testosterone therapy in transgender men can cause acne.
33 citations
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January 2014 in “Pediatric Research” 35 citations
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November 1989 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry” Epitestosterone may act as a weak antiandrogen and can inhibit an enzyme involved in testosterone metabolism.
38 citations
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May 1971 in “Clinical genetics” A specific metabolite, not a receptor protein, triggers the production of certain kidney enzymes, but this process is disrupted in mice with a mutation causing testicular feminization.
September 2024 in “Pediatrics in Review” Parental support and gender-affirming care are crucial for the mental health of transgender adolescents.