122 citations
,
November 2014 in “BMC Medicine” Oral testosterone therapy raises heart risk more than other methods.
10 citations
,
April 2006 in “Seminars in Reproductive Medicine” Testosterone therapy may improve mood, well-being, and sexual function in premenopausal women, but more research is needed on its long-term safety and effectiveness.
6 citations
,
March 2009 in “Annals of Saudi Medicine” Finasteride use during early pregnancy may cause limb deformities in babies.
192 citations
,
January 1976 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” Androgen levels increase with puberty and are linked to sexual hair development.
41 citations
,
March 2016 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism” In STSD patients, the body compensates for low androgen levels by increasing another enzyme's activity.
1 citations
,
January 2010 in “Endocrine abstracts” 23 citations
,
March 2014 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Testosterone reduces knee flexibility by affecting relaxin receptors.
11 citations
,
September 2015 in “Theriogenology” Testosterone boosts fluid and electrolyte secretion in seminal vesicles, aiding sperm function.
January 2016 in “AACE Clinical Case Reports” Treatment restored normal sexual characteristics and blood condition in a patient with testicular cancer.
December 2023 in “International journal of molecular sciences” Chromosomal differences affect how muscle cells respond to testosterone.
11 citations
,
September 2012 in “Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada” Testosterone therapy seems safe for short-term use in postmenopausal women with low sexual desire, but more research on long-term effects is needed.
5 citations
,
June 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Testosterone is important for male sexual traits, reproduction, muscle and bone health, blood production, and metabolism, and works both directly and after being changed into other hormones.
January 2024 in “Life sciences” Testosterone affects blood vessel relaxation in hypertensive rats.
January 2024 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” Treating early puberty with hormone therapy may increase the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in adults.
1 citations
,
January 2021
12 citations
,
September 2012 in “Alcohol and Alcoholism” Alcohol in teen years leads to more adult drinking, finasteride doesn't help.
16 citations
,
June 2022 in “Transgender Health” Oocyte retrieval is possible for transgender men on testosterone therapy without affecting fertility outcomes.
24 citations
,
January 2011 in “Sexual Development” Intersex frogs have different brain gene activity related to sex and thyroid hormones.
Testosterone works in different ways, including direct interaction with its receptor, conversion to other hormones for specific effects on genitalia, hair, bones, and muscle, and changes in body fat and sexual function when low.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A young patient with unusual insulin resistance and high testosterone levels had a rare INSR gene mutation.
11 citations
,
October 2010 in “Behavioural Brain Research” Early neurosteroid changes can alter adult brain function and behavior.
45 citations
,
March 2015 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone therapy is generally safe for transmen, improves sexual function, and has manageable health risks with proper monitoring.
1 citations
,
October 2024 in “JCEM Case Reports” 5α-reductase deficiency can cause ambiguous genitalia and gender dysphoria, treatable with testosterone.
1 citations
,
September 2017 in “Zhonghua neifenmi daixie zazhi” Routine genetic testing is crucial for early diagnosis and better management of Turner’s syndrome with 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
32 citations
,
September 2010 in “Stress” Neurosteroids help protect fetal brains from asphyxia damage.
2 citations
,
December 2001 in “PubMed”
Testosterone in our bodies helps increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.
January 2003 in “Journal für Kardiologie (Krause & Pachernegg GmbH)” Testosterone therapy can improve skin and hair in men with low testosterone but may cause skin irritation with certain treatments.
4 citations
,
December 2024 in “JDDG Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” Mothers with atopic dermatitis have higher risks of pregnancy complications and their children are more likely to develop certain health conditions.
1 citations
,
June 2014 in “Annales de Toxicologie Analytique” Hair analysis alone can't confirm long-term drug exposure in children under 1 year old.