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Glossarypyrrolidone carboxylic acid

naturally occurring compound that helps maintain skin moisture

Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid, also known as PCA, is a naturally occurring compound found in the skin that helps maintain moisture. It is a derivative of the amino acid glutamic acid and is often used in skincare and haircare products for its hydrating properties, as it can attract and retain water effectively.

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research Interest of an anti-hair loss serum containing Silybum marianum extract, manganese pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (PCA), and a Lespedeza capitata extract in the management of post-cancer treatment alopecia: an international real-world study

January 2026 in “EJC Skin Cancer”

The serum effectively improves hair growth and is well-tolerated for post-cancer hair loss.

research Hair and amino acids: the interactions and the effects.

5 citations , October 2007 in “PubMed”

Amino acids in conditioners improve hair strength, hydration, and color retention.

research ESDR586 - Interest of Silybum marianum extract, Manganese PCA and Lespedeza capitata extract in a new anti-hair loss serum to stimulate hair growth and prolong anagen phase

September 2022

The serum with these ingredients may help reduce hair loss and promote growth.

research New Plant Extracts Exert Complementary Anti‐Hair Loss Properties in Human In Vitro and Ex Vivo Models

November 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

The plant extracts may help treat hair loss by promoting hair growth and reducing DHT levels.

Amino Acids, Peptides, And Proteins In Cosmetic Science

research Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

5 citations , January 2017 in “Elsevier eBooks”

The document concludes that cosmetics need biocompatible, eco-friendly ingredients due to aging populations and demand for effective products.

research Prooxidant and antioxidant action of 4-(4-phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid derivatives

2 citations , February 2004 in “Biopolymers”

4-(4-Phenoxybenzoyl)benzoic acid derivatives can both increase and decrease certain types of reactive oxygen species, and may be relevant to hair loss.

research Molecular characterization of xerosis cutis: A systematic review

33 citations , December 2021 in “PLoS ONE”

It's unclear which molecules best characterize dry skin due to inconsistent findings.

Allergens and Irritants: Comprehensive Overview of Contact and Occupational Dermatitis

research Allergens and Irritants

October 2001 in “WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks”

Many substances, including chemicals and metals, can cause skin reactions; careful handling and identification of allergens are crucial to prevent dermatitis.

research Modulatory role of vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E on skin health, immunity, microbiome, and diseases

47 citations , September 2023 in “Pharmacological Reports”

Vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E can improve skin health and immunity.

research Resveratrol derivatives: a patent review (2009 – 2012)

28 citations , September 2013 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents”

New resveratrol-related compounds show promise for treating various health issues but need more research for clinical use.

research Physiological and pharmacological features of the non-saponin components in Korean Red Ginseng

67 citations , February 2020 in “Journal of Ginseng Research”

Korean Red Ginseng has beneficial components that help with stress, immunity, fatigue, memory, blood flow, and disease protection.

research Sequence-structure based phylogeny of GPCR Class A Rhodopsin receptors

57 citations , May 2014 in “Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution”

The research found how GPCR Class A Rhodopsin receptors are related and suggested possible substances they interact with.

research Amino acid–derived defense metabolites from plants: A potential source to facilitate novel antimicrobial development

69 citations , January 2021 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Plant-derived amino acids can help develop new antimicrobial drugs.

research Polyglutamate: Unleashing the Versatility of a Biopolymer for Cosmetic Industry Applications

May 2024 in “Cosmetics”

Polyglutamic acid is a valuable, sustainable ingredient for skincare and haircare products.

research From Plants to Wound Dressing and Transdermal Delivery of Bioactive Compounds

July 2023 in “Plants”

Plant-based compounds can improve wound dressings and skin medication delivery.

Ectoin Attenuates Cortisone-Induced Skin Issues by Suppression of GR Signaling and the UVB-Induced Overexpression of 11β-HSD1

research Ectoin attenuates cortisone‐induced skin issues by suppression GR signaling and the UVB‐induced overexpression of 11β‐HSD1

September 2024 in “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology”

Ectoin helps prevent cortisone-induced skin problems and supports skin health.

research Trends in biopolymer science applied to cosmetics

July 2023 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science”

Biopolymers are increasingly used in cosmetics for their non-toxicity and skin benefits, with future biotech advancements likely to expand their applications.

research Cosmetics and Cosmeceutical Applications of Chitin, Chitosan and Their Derivatives

233 citations , February 2018 in “Polymers”

Chitin and chitosan are useful in cosmetics for oral care, haircare, and skincare, including UV protection and strength improvement.

Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of Heterocyclic Steroids

research Miscellaneous Steroids

October 2010

The document concludes that scientists created various steroids with different properties, including a more effective semi-synthetic vitamin D.

The Pharmaceutical Market as Reflected by Patents

research The Pharma Market as Reflected by Patents

December 2011 in “Drug Research”

The document shows the state of pharmaceutical patents as of 1999, focusing on treatments for various diseases.

research Exploring caspase functions in mouse models

8 citations , June 2024 in “APOPTOSIS”

Caspases affect many cell functions and could help treat various diseases.

research Shampoo Formulation

7 citations , January 2007 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Shampoos clean hair mainly with surfactants and have added ingredients for extra benefits.

research Atlas of Geriatric Dermatology

2 citations , January 2014 in “Springer eBooks”

The book details skin conditions in older adults, their link to mental health, cancer treatment importance, hair loss remedies, and managing autoimmune and itchy skin.