4 citations
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February 2011 in “Nature Reviews Endocrinology” Metformin and thiazolidinediones are similarly effective for PCOS, but metformin is often preferred due to fewer side effects.
September 2024 in “Brazilian Journal of Case Reports” Clomiphene testing can help find ovarian causes of high testosterone in postmenopausal women.
October 2023 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” A rare case of Cushing syndrome was successfully treated with one-sided adrenal gland removal, suggesting personalized treatment is important.
January 2004 in “Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University)” Women with PCOS have higher 5alpha-reductase activity, affecting steroid levels.
October 2025 in “Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College” Free testosterone is the most common hormone marker in PCOS, and age affects DHEAS levels.
June 2023 in “Journal of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences” Higher PSA levels are linked to more hirsutism in women with PCOS.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Rapid virilization should be checked for possible ovarian or adrenal cancer.
Female hair loss is often hereditary and can be treated with medication, hair transplants, and lasers.
June 2013 in “NATIONS UNIVERSITY INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTI-DISCIPLINARY STUDIES” Hyperandrogenism did not affect sexual function in young women.
34 citations
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December 2012 in “Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care” Sex hormone treatments can increase muscle mass in older adults but have inconsistent effects on muscle function and may carry cardiovascular risks.
86 citations
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October 2017 in “Translational pediatrics” Skin changes can help diagnose and manage endocrine disorders like thyroid problems, diabetes, and adrenal gland conditions.
82 citations
,
August 2006 in “Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior” Certain steroids in the brain affect mood and symptoms of depression, and treatments targeting these steroids show promise for improving these symptoms.
53 citations
,
October 1984 in “Endocrine reviews” Excessive hair growth in women often has no known cause and is not linked to race or other hormonal symptoms.
30 citations
,
July 2019 in “Endocrinology” Certain HSD3B1 gene types are linked to worse prostate cancer outcomes and affect treatment response and other health conditions.
10 citations
,
January 2013 in “Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas” Most white Spanish women have a widow's peak, and their hairline measurements could help in hair restoration surgery.
9 citations
,
June 2014 in “European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology” Blood AMH levels are higher in women with PCOS than in those with other similar conditions.
8 citations
,
May 1996 in “Endocrinology” Certain adrenal hormones can strongly stimulate oil gland growth in hamster skin, similar to male hormones.
5 citations
,
August 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology” DHEA boosts bone cell growth and differentiation in elderly stem cells.
Depressed teens have different steroid levels in urine, which may help identify and treat them.
November 2025 in “Journal of Contemporary Medicine” Women with PCOS have higher cardiometabolic risks.
June 2025 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Adrenal disorders often cause high blood pressure in young people.
February 2025 in “La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica” The boy's Cushing's Disease was treated successfully, but he developed growth hormone deficiency.
1540 citations
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October 2008 in “Fertility and Sterility” The report concludes that PCOS is mainly a condition of excess male hormones and its definition may change as new information is discovered.
105 citations
,
January 2009 in “Medicine” Hirsutism is more linked to high androgen levels than acne or hair loss, and a mix of hormonal tests is best for diagnosis; certain treatments can reduce symptoms.
67 citations
,
September 2008 in “Dermatologic therapy” Hirsutism is excessive hair growth in women often caused by polycystic ovarian syndrome, and identifying the cause is important for managing associated health risks.
39 citations
,
August 2004 in “International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics” Finasteride and CPA-EE2 equally reduce hirsutism, but affect hormone levels differently.
36 citations
,
October 2009 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Dihydrotestosterone can be made from dehydroepiandrosterone in skin cells without needing testosterone.
29 citations
,
March 2010 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Lipocalin-2 levels are higher in women with PCOS and may indicate insulin resistance.
29 citations
,
January 2009 in “Gynecological Endocrinology” Women with PCOS have higher levels of certain blood clotting factors, suggesting a greater risk of cardiovascular issues.
27 citations
,
January 2016 in “Quality of Life Research” The PCOSQ-50 is a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring quality of life in Iranian women with PCOS.