Testosterone's health effects are complex and not definitively understood.
5 citations
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June 2020 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have more sexual function issues than those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but physical activity can improve sexual functioning in all women.
May 2025 in “Aesthetic Plastic Surgery”
8 citations
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July 2017 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” DHT affects testicular development and regulates spermatogenesis in some fish.
46 citations
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August 2006 in “PubMed” A genetic defect causes males in some Mediterranean populations to be born with ambiguous genitalia and develop male traits at puberty.
5 citations
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September 2021 in “Southern African Journal of Hiv Medicine” The guideline provides healthcare professionals in South Africa with instructions for comprehensive, multidisciplinary gender-affirming care, including HIV prevention and treatment for transgender and gender diverse individuals.
58 citations
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April 2017 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology” Post-finasteride patients show changed neuroactive steroid levels, possibly causing erectile dysfunction and depression.
1 citations
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November 2024 in “IntechOpen eBooks” Sex steroid hormones are essential for reproductive health and overall well-being.
280 citations
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May 2005 in “Andrology” Testosterone treatment for older men can have short-term benefits, but long-term risks are unclear, requiring careful evaluation and monitoring.
March 2026 in “Canadian Urological Association Journal” Urologists should guide men on wellness claims, highlighting where evidence supports or contradicts marketing.
Men who strongly follow traditional masculinity are more likely to have cosmetic surgery to feel powerful and successful.
September 1985 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” Dr. Rasmussen disagrees with Alexander and Schor, emphasizing uncertainty in genital wart transmission and advocating for discussions on potential abuse and referrals in such cases.
21 citations
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February 2016 in “Reproductive Biomedicine Online” The conclusion suggests that PCOS may persist due to genetic traits that, while harmful for female fertility, could have provided survival and reproductive benefits to males.
January 2022 in “European journal of anatomy” A man had four testicles, two of which were outside the scrotum and looked like fatty lumps.
39 citations
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November 2021 in “Clinical Endocrinology” Testosterone replacement is recommended for men with low testosterone levels and symptoms of hypogonadism.
2 citations
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January 2004 in “Korean Journal of Andrology” 2 citations
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September 1971 in “Metabolism, clinical and experimental” Dihydrotestosterone has a reduced effect on muscle-building in people with testicular feminization syndrome, especially after their gonads are removed.
21 citations
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April 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” Finasteride may cause mental and sexual side effects, with hand preference and sexual orientation possibly affecting severity.
August 2025 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Finasteride, dutasteride, and silodosin have the highest risk for causing sexual dysfunction.
101 citations
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April 1994 in “Baillière's clinical endocrinology and metabolism” 5α-reductase is essential for male sexual development and its inhibitors have potential in treating various conditions related to hormone action.
1 citations
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June 2017 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride use may cause sexual dysfunction; more research needed.
April 2019 in “Journal of the Endocrine Society” Care for gender-dysphoric Veterans can be improved with a consistent, team-based approach.
5 citations
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January 2024 in “Reproductive Medicine and Biology” Androgen and Wnt signals are crucial for developing and functioning male genitalia and erectile tissues.
1 citations
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May 2018 in “Clinical chemistry” The girl's unexpected pubic hair growth led to a diagnosis different from complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
April 2022 in “Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu” The conclusion is that sex-verification in sports was harmful and changes have been made to address this.
1 citations
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August 2015 in “Current Sexual Health Reports” 5α-reductase inhibitors can cause serious and possibly lasting sexual and psychological side effects.
8 citations
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January 1991 in “European Urology” Finasteride lowers DHT levels and raises testosterone in a dose-dependent way.
2 citations
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July 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Sex hormones likely don't affect atopic dermatitis in adolescents and adults.
October 2022 in “Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies” GnRH-a or orchiectomy is more effective than anti-androgens for managing hormone levels in transgender women.