211 citations
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June 2012 The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
67 citations
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January 2012 in “Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Nanoparticles don't penetrate intact skin but can enter through pores or damaged skin.
40 citations
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March 2019 in “Pharmaceutical development and technology” Smaller particles of the drug carrier penetrated skin better, with 300 nm size being best for targeting hair follicles.
35 citations
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January 2018 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology” Nanoemulsion creams with certain enhancers can greatly increase caffeine delivery through skin.
34 citations
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October 2021 in “Scientific Reports” Nobiletin-loaded vesicles effectively treat skin cancer by restoring normal miRNA and antioxidant levels.
29 citations
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September 2024 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Transcutol® helps drugs penetrate the skin more effectively in various formulations.
19 citations
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December 2013 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Encapsulated Garcinia mangostana extract in cream penetrates skin better than other forms.
17 citations
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September 2022 in “Biomaterials Research” The film-trigger applicator improves microneedle skin delivery and drug efficiency using simple finger force.
15 citations
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November 2017 in “Drug Delivery and Translational Research” Certain extracts from Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. and germacrone can boost the skin's absorption of minoxidil, a hair growth promoter, making it more effective.
15 citations
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May 2016 in “Die Pharmazie” Nanostructured lipid carriers deliver lidocaine to the skin better than nanoethosomes.
12 citations
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July 2020 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Iron oxide nanoparticles improve skin penetration and drug release for hair loss treatment.
11 citations
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October 2017 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” A new drug delivery system using oil body-bound oleosin-rhFGF-10 improves wound healing and hair growth in mice.
11 citations
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April 2011 in “Biomolecules & Therapeutics” Anionic liposome formulations of finasteride may effectively treat hair loss with fewer side effects.
2 citations
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November 2025 in “Pharmaceutics” Moderately lipophilic dyes penetrate skin deeply, while highly hydrophobic or lipophilic dyes stay on the surface.
Folate salts penetrate skin well and improve wound healing, suggesting potential for skin treatments.
1 citations
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December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” Finasteride-loaded microemulsions can effectively enhance skin delivery for treating hair loss.
1 citations
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November 2004 in “International Journal of Cosmetic Science” External agents penetrate skin more easily in areas with fewer lipids, especially through hair follicles.
1 citations
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July 2005 in “Drugs and the pharmaceutical sciences” Targeting drugs to hair follicles can treat skin conditions, but reaching deep follicle areas is hard and needs more research.
January 2026 in “AAPS PharmSciTech” Liposomal formulations with caffeine and cafestol enhance skin penetration effectively.
June 2010 in “Melanoma research” LDE225 is a promising skin-applied treatment for basal cell carcinoma with good skin penetration and effectiveness.
7 citations
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January 2020 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Standard nail varnish effectively prevents follicular penetration of certain substances.
122 citations
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April 2011 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics” Particles around 100 nm can penetrate and stay in hair follicles without passing through healthy skin, making them safe for use in topical products and useful for targeted drug delivery.
45 citations
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August 1954 in “Experimental Biology and Medicine” Vitamin A penetrates guinea pig skin quickly in alcohol, affects skin thickness, but doesn't impact hair growth.
1 citations
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February 2023 in “Applied sciences” The new topical growth hormone formula has high skin penetration and bioavailability.
1 citations
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July 2005 in “CRC Press eBooks” Topical drugs can target hair follicles to treat skin conditions more effectively.
Hair follicles can effectively absorb nano-sized particles, making them potential targets for localized drug delivery.
12 citations
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June 2022 in “FARMACIA” Transethosomal gels improve naftifine skin delivery better than Exoderil cream.
5 citations
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May 2020 in “Pharmaceutical Research” Heat and chemicals improve finasteride delivery to scalp and hair follicles, potentially enhancing treatment for hair loss.
2 citations
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December 2015 in “DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)” Sonophoresis reduces skin absorption of sodium fluorescein in certain liposomes.
1 citations
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January 2023 in “Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy” DMSO-liposomes improve finasteride delivery for hair loss treatment.