94 citations
,
October 1994 in “The Journal of Cell Biology” Too much keratin 16 in mice skin causes abnormal skin thickening and structure.
1 citations
,
January 2013 in “Journal of clinical & experimental dermatology research” Melatonin may help whisker growth in mice.
June 1996 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Vitamin D3 applied to mouse skin caused more wrinkles and sagging due to changes in the skin's outer layer.
70 citations
,
November 1984 in “Cell & tissue research/Cell and tissue research” Vitamin D3 affects cell differentiation in specific skin areas.
49 citations
,
July 2006 in “British Journal of Dermatology” Calcifying epithelioma cells can differentiate into hair cortex and outer root sheath.
7 citations
,
May 2024 in “Tissue Barriers” The skin's outer layer relies on lipids and proteins to protect against damage.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Burns & Trauma” Wnt4 protein makes the outer skin layer thicker in burn wounds by turning on a specific healing pathway and loosening the connections between skin cells.
32 citations
,
March 1988 in “International Journal of Dermatology” Retinoids can help treat skin disorders by improving the skin's outer layer.
375 citations
,
June 2013 in “Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular cell research” Cornification is how skin cells die to form the protective outer layer of skin, hair, and nails.
1 citations
,
July 2022 in “Pakistan biomedical journal” Transethosomes improve drug delivery through the skin by overcoming the outer skin layer's barrier.
A skin model using hair and skin cells can mimic human skin for research.
12 citations
,
February 1997 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The enzyme type 1 5α-reductase is more active in the hair follicle's lower part than in the skin's outer layer.
October 2024 in “International Journal of Comprehensive Veterinary Research.” Neonate rabbits have consistent skin layers and no sweat glands.
June 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Nestin-expressing cells turn into a specific type of skin cell in hair follicles during development and in adults.
May 2022 in “Research Square (Research Square)” Nestin marks cells that can become a specific type of skin cell in hair follicles of both developing and adult mice.
10 citations
,
October 1993 in “Archives of dermatological research” Vitamin D compounds may help treat psoriasis by promoting skin cell differentiation.
January 2008 in “Linchuang pifuke zazhi” Betamethasone activates and increases the growth of certain skin cells from hair follicles.
1 citations
,
July 2021 in “Dermatologic Surgery” Removing the outer layer of skin cells from hair grafts does not change the graft survival rate but may improve how it looks right after surgery.
57 citations
,
January 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine” Skin stem cells maintain and repair the outer layer of skin, with some types being essential for healing wounds.
January 2013 in “IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)” Hydrophobized silica nanoparticles penetrate the skin's outer layer more effectively, while hair follicle density doesn't impact their accumulation.
January 2010 in “Chinese Journal of Aesthetic Medicine” Melasma skin has more melanin and signs of aging, with strong CK10 expression linked to cell differentiation and aging.
January 1994 in “Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho” Collagen fibrils in mink skin change structure during hair growth, becoming looser and thicker in the active phase.
8 citations
,
February 1968 in “Australian Journal of Zoology” The southern elephant seal's skin layer helps waterproof the skin by being tightly connected to hair shafts.
101 citations
,
December 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists turned mouse stem cells into skin cells that can grow into skin layers and structures.
August 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” EZH2 is essential for hair growth and skin cell development.
9 citations
,
January 2008 in “Acta histochemica et cytochemica” COX-2 levels change during the hair cycle and affect skin and hair growth.
December 2025 in “Doğu Fen Bilimleri Dergisi” Vimentin, desmin, and laminin help maintain rat skin structure.
1 citations
,
January 2023 in “Elsevier eBooks” Phospholipases help maintain and restore skin and hair health, potentially leading to new treatments for related conditions.
39 citations
,
November 2007 in “Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry” NG2 is crucial for normal skin and hair development in mice.
August 2022 in “Metabolites” Different types of skin on mice have unique chemical profiles related to how they grow and react to stress.